文本描述
摘要
现如今随着科技的飞速发展,创新俨然成为国民经济可持续发展的关键,以
及企业获取竞争优势的着力点。单项冠军企业作为我国提升自主创新能力的重要
主体,其整体绩效的不断提升,不仅能够缓解当前经济下行的压力,还能够激发
全社会的自主创新。创新能力是单项冠军企业获取竞争优势的主要来源,而提升
创新能力则需大量研发投入,为缓解创新活动的外部性、并为企业减负,国家基
于战略的角度,对该类企业进行了各式各样的补贴,诸如设置专项资金等,鼓励
单项冠军企业加大研发,从而能够提升创新能力、获取核心竞争力、提高整体绩
效,使我国制造业走出大而不强的困局,推动国家科技创新及经济发展。
近几年我国一直致力于培育单项冠军企业,相关的补助政策也在逐渐完善,
但其实施效果如何并无相关的经验证据可以参考,并且在政府补贴与单项冠军企
业创新之间存在“内在黑箱”,即对于企业创新而言,政府补贴仅为外部影响因
素,从企业内部而言,高管团队特征在政府补贴发挥效用的过程中,有可能起到
关键作用。在此基础上,本文通过对现有文献的梳理,从四个相关理论(技术创
新理论、核心竞争力理论、外部性理论和高层梯队理论)入手,分析探讨了政府
补贴对单项冠军企业创新的影响,以及高管团队特征中的一个显著特征——高管
团队性别结构在其中起到的调节作用和门限作用,提出了本文的研究假设与模型,
并以单项冠军企业为研究对象,对其 2016-2020年的非平衡面板数据做了实证检
验,揭示政府补贴能否影响单项冠军企业创新绩效、研发投入是否在其中起到中
介作用,以及高管团队性别结构在三者间的非线性调节作用,从而从更深层次出
发,分析政府补贴的实质效用,为完善政府支持政策提供参考借鉴,也为单项冠
军企业更好地利用政府补贴提供建议。
本文的研究结果如下:(1)政府补贴能显著影响单项冠军企业创新绩效的提
升,且政府补贴及创新绩效均具有门限效应:即不同的政府补贴对单项冠军企业
创新绩效的影响会不同;对于创新水平不同的单项冠军企业,政府补贴对该类企
业创新所发挥的效用也会不同;(2)政府补贴通过影响单项冠军企业的研发投入,
进而影响到其创新绩效;(3)高管团队性别结构在政府补贴、单项冠军企业研发
投入与其创新绩效间起到非线性调节作用;(4)为量化高管团队性别结构的在其
中起到的非线性调节作用,本文还进一步验证了高管团队性别结构的门限作用,
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结果显示,在不同的高管团队性别结构下,政府补贴、单项冠军企业研发投入及
其创新绩效的关系均不同。最后结合本文的研究结论,从政府与企业两个方面给
出相关建议。
关键词:单项冠军企业;政府补贴;创新绩效;高管团队性别结构;研发投
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Abstract
Nowadays, with the rapid development of science and technology, innovation
has become the key to the sustainable development of national economy and the focal
point for enterprises to obtain competitive advantages. The continuous improvement
of the overall performance of the single champion enterprise, as an important part of
China's improvement of independent innovation ability, can not only relievethe
pressure ofthe current economicdownturn, but also stimulatethe independent
innovation of the whole society. Innovation ability is the major source of competitive
advantage for single champion enterprise, and promote innovation ability needs a
large number of spending on research and development to alleviate the innovation
activities of externalities, and burden for the enterprise, state based on the viewpoint
of strategy, has carried on the all kinds of subsidies of the enterprise, such as setting
up special funds, we encourage individual champions increase, Thus, it can enhance
innovation ability, obtain core competitiveness, improve overall performance, make
China's manufacturing industry out of the dilemma of large butnot strong, and
promote
national
scientific
and
technological
innovation
and
economic
development.
In our country inrecent years has been committedto nurturing individual
champions, the relevant subsidy policy has also been gradually perfect, but its effect
how,there isnorelevantempirical evidencecanreference,and inbetween
government subsidies and individual champions innovation "inner black box", namely
for enterprise innovation, government subsidies for external factors, only from the
enterprise internal, Executiveteam characteristics mayplay a keyrole in how
government subsidies work. On this basis, this paper analyzes and discusses the
influence of government subsidies on the innovation of single champion enterprises
bycombingtheexistingliteratureandstartingfromfourrelevanttheories
(Technological innovation theory, Core competitiveness theory, Externality theory
and Upper echelons theory).As well as the moderating and threshold role of gender
structure in the top management team, a significant feature of the characteristics of the
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