摘要
摘要
“三农问题”的本质是农业的发展、农村的稳定，以及农民增收问题，创业
能有效增加农民群体的收入，推动农业经济的发展。但我国农户在创业过程中，
会面临资信水平低、缺少担保品的困难，农户无法从银行获得支持其创业的金融
服务，在社会创业群体中处于弱势地位，导致其开展创业活动十分困难。我国政
府在 2020年明确提出，要支持数字普惠金融的发展，鼓励发展数字技术，从而
为普惠金融的发展提供助力，让弱势群体获得更多的金融服务。在数字普惠金融
的推动下，金融服务的辐射范围进一步扩大，降低了金融交易成本，金融服务效
率获得提升，广大农户在创业时，能获得更多金融服务。
鉴于此，本文结合理论分析与实证分析，着重探讨数字普惠金融能否影响农
户创业选择，其次，参考已有相关文献研究以及对现实情况进行分析，认为数字
普惠金融能够通过提高金融服务可得性、降低金融交易成本和提升金融服务效率
等三方面来直接促进农户创业。之后，本文通过 2017年北京大学发布的地级市
数字普惠金融指数，和同一年中国家庭金融调查数据（CHFS）匹配，借助 Probit
模型展开实证分析，以此来衡量数字普惠金融给农户创业造成的影响，结果发现，
数字普惠金融在发展过程中,能对农户创业起到推动作用，这一结果在多种稳健
性检验后仍成立。通过实证分析数字普惠金融三个子维度：覆盖广度、使用深度
以及数字化程度对农户创业选择的影响，发现它们三者都提高了农户创业的概率，
尤其是使用深度的促进作用最为明显。通过人力资本、年龄和地区异质性分析发
现，数字普惠金融显著提高了户主是低人力资本以及中人力资本的农户创业概率，
对户主是高人力资本的农户创业无显著影响；在年龄异质性方面，数字普惠金融
显著促进了中年户主家庭以及青年户主家庭的农户创业行为的发生；数字普惠金
融的发展，提高了我国东部地区、中部地区以及西部地区农户创业的概率，对东
北地区农户创业无影响。进一步分析了数字普惠金融促进农户创业的间接机制，
发现数字普惠金融通过提高农户正规信贷获得、移动支付使用以及互联网媒介使
用来促进农户创业。
对此，本文提出以下建议：第一，建立完善的数字普惠金融体系；第二，对
I

摘要
农户进行金融知识教育；第三，对金融资源进行合理配置，让金融服务有更广阔
的辐射范围、提高金融服务的数字化程度；第四，发展数字普惠金融，提高正规
信贷获得。第五，发展数字普金融，提高移动支付使用与互联网媒介使用。
关键词：数字普惠金融；农户创业；传导机制
II

Abstract
Research on the Impact of Digital Inclusive Finance on
Farmers’ Entrepreneurship Choices
Zhu Hong zhi
Master of Finance
Directed by Huang Qian
Abstract
"Three rural issues" refers to the development of agriculture, the stability of rural
areas, and the problem of increasing farmers' income. Entrepreneurship can
effectively increase the income of farmers and promote the development of
agricultural economy. However, in the process of starting a business, farmers in my
country will face the difficulties of low credit level and lack of collateral. Farmers
cannot obtain financial services to support their business start-up from banks, and
they are in a weak position in the social entrepreneurial group, which makes it very
difficult for them to carry out entrepreneurial activities. In 2020, the Chinese
government clearly proposed to support the development of digital inclusive finance
and encourage the development of digital technology, so as to provide assistance for
the development of inclusive finance and allow disadvantaged groups to obtain more
financial services. Driven by digital inclusive finance, the coverage of financial
services has been further expanded, the cost of financial transactions has been reduced,
the efficiency of financial services has been improved, and farmers can obtain more
financial services when they start businesses.
In view of this, this paper combines theoretical analysis and empirical analysis to
focus on whether digital financial inclusion can affect farmers' choice of
entrepreneurship. It can directly promote farmers' entrepreneurship through three
aspects: availability, reduction of financial transaction costs, and improvement of
financial service efficiency. After that, this paper uses the digital financial inclusion
index of prefecture-level cities released by Peking University in 2017, matches the
data of the China Household Finance Survey (CHFS) in the same year, and conducts
an empirical analysis with the help of the Probit model, in order to measure the impact
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