文本描述
EVA视角下 B公司股权激励方案优化研究
EVA视角下B公司股权激励方案优化研究
摘要
目前我国很多公司的股东和管理层是互相分离的,那么如何让管理
层全心全意的为公司发展着想,便成为急需解决的问题。股权激励可以
在一定程度上解决这一问题。股权激励是通过给予管理层部分股东权益,
使股东和管理层成为“利益共同体”,促进公司与员工共同发展,最终有
利于实现公司的长远目标。
股权激励运用到今天,已经普遍被大众所接受,但是随之而来的问
题也越来越明显。本文通过案例分析法,以 B公司为研究对象,对其实
施过的四次股权激励进行深入分析,发现其主要存在激励数量的灵活性
不足、研发创新的重视性不足、绩效考核标准不合理以及行权价格的灵
活性不足这四方面问题。原股权激励方案的解锁条件仅采用净利润增长
率等衡量公司成长能力的传统财务指标,可能会导致公司的管理层过度
关注短期利益,而减少在研发创新方面的投入,与初衷背道而驰。同时B
公司在激励数量和行权价格的设定上过于绝对化,一经设定便不再改变,
不能很好的应对外部经济环境的瞬息万变。因此,本文将经济附加值(EVA)
引入到 B公司的股权激励计划中。经济附加值相比于传统的财务指标,
其核心特点是充分考虑到公司的权益资本成本和债务资本成本,可以更
加真实的反映 B公司到底是在创造价值还是在毁灭价值。将其引入到股
权激励中可以使股权激励的绩效考核更客观,让管理层更注重研发创新,
同时股权激励的行权价格以及激励数量都充满可调节性,可以对外界环
境及时做出相应调整。
本文对 B公司 2016-2020年的财务指标进行分析,算出每一年的经
EVA视角下 B公司股权激励方案优化研究
济附加值和经济附加值增长率。本文充分考虑了外界经济环境和 B公司
所在欧亿·体育(中国)有限公司对B公司造成的影响,将EVA、EVA增长率等引入到股权激励方
案后,对行权价格、激励数量等方面做出了相应的调整,使原本固定不变
的数值更具有灵活性,有利于股权激励计划的顺利进行,最终达到公司
员工为公司创造出更多剩余价值的目标,来跟上时代进步的步伐。本文
通过 EVA指标的引入,对 B公司的股权激励方案进行优化,设计出一套
更合理的股权激励方案,预期会取得不错的效果,但优化后的方案也需
要如下四方面的支持措施:升级 B公司内部管理体系、增加 B公司人力
资源部以及相关部门的监察力度、健全B公司内部交流渠道以及优化EVA
的监督体系与考核评价。最后希望本文也可以给其他有需要的公司提供
一些借鉴意义。
关键词:股权激励,财务指标,业绩评价,经济附加值
EVA视角下 B公司股权激励方案优化研究
RESEARCH ON COMPANY B'S EQUITY PLAN INCENTIVE BASED
ON EVA PERFORMANCE EVALUATION
ABSTRACT
Shareholders and management of many enterprises in China are separated
from each other. So how to make the management think for the development of the
enterprise with all their hearts,has become an urgent problem to be solved. To
solve this problem, equity incentive has been born. Equity incentive is to make the
shareholders and the management become a "community of interests" by giving the
management part of shareholders' rights, and promote the common development
of the enterprise and employees, which is ultimately conducive to the realization of
the long-term goals of the enterprise.
Equity incentive has been widely accepted by the public, but the problems are
becoming more and more obvious. Through case analysis, this paper takes
company B as the research object and makes an in-depth analysis of the four times
of equity incentive it has implemented. It finds that there are four main problems:
insufficient flexibility of incentive quantity, insufficient emphasis on R&D innovation,
unreasonable performance appraisal standard and insufficient flexibility of exercise
price. The unlocking conditions of the original equity incentive plan only used the
traditional financial indicators such as net profit growth rate to measure the
company's growth ability, which may lead to the company's management excessive
attention to short-term interests and reduce the investment in research and
innovation, which runs counter to the original intention. At the same time, company
B is too absolute in the setting of incentive quantity and exercise price. Once set, it
will not change,resulting in that it cannot cope with the rapid change of external
economic environment well. Therefore, this paper introduces economic added value
(EVA) into company B's equity incentive plan. Compared with traditional financial
indicators, the core feature of economic added value is that it takes full account of
。。。以下略