I 摘要 小微企业是激发我国经济活力，促进经济转型升级，创新发展的动力源泉。小 微企业的发展关乎我国的就业稳定和居民财富增长，是社会稳定的的重要组成部 分。因此，支持小微企业一直是经济社会发展的重要组成部分。困扰小微企业发展 的难题主要就是融资困难，为解决这个难题，国家政策积极扶持小微企业发展，鼓 励商业银行向小微企业提供贷款,以助其良好发展。政府曾在多次重要会议和年度政 府报告中，强调要大力支持小微企业发展，畅通小微企业的融资渠道，让金融服务 实体经济的能力增强，商业银行的有关监管部门更是制定了具体的小微信贷规模增 速目标，从多方面鼓励商业银行向小微企业提高信贷服务。从商业银行方面来说， 小微企业因为宏观环境和管理机制等原因导致抗风险能力较弱，从而信贷违约的风 险相对大企业更高，大多数商业银行缺乏为小微企业提供服务的客户获取渠道和风 险管理方法，小微企业信贷风险管理难度和成本也高。如果不解决商业银行小微信 贷业务中的风险管理问题，金融的源头活水就很难引流到小微企业。 本文的研究对象是C银行H分支机构的中小企业信用风险管理措施。首先，针 对C银行H分行的小微信贷业务发展情况和风险管理流程进行概述，为了更准确的 了解该行的小微信贷业务的风险管理现状，又结合相关理论设计了调查问卷，对调 查问卷的数据结果进行了详细分析，然后对具体问题和原因进行了探究，发现C 银行H分支机构的小微信贷风险管理的主要问题为：小微信贷客户经理配置不科 学、小微业务风险规避措施存在很大局限性、贷后管理与资金流向监管不足。产生 这些问题的原因主要为五个方面：一是信贷人才队伍建设不完善；二是银行与小微 企业之间信息不对称；三是贷后管理机制不完善。四是风险管理文化缺失。最后针 对论文发现的问题和原因，提出了有效提升C银行H分行小微信贷风险管理的改进 对策，主要给出了四项建议：一是完善小微信贷客户经理建设体系；二是创新信贷 服务新模式；三是加强贷后风险管理；四是加强风险管理文化建设。 关键词：小微企业；商业银行；信贷业务；风险管理 摘要 II Abstract Smallandmicroenterprisesarethesourceofpowertostimulatethevitalityofmy country'seconomy,promoteeconomictransformationandupgrading,andinnovateand develop.Thedevelopmentofsmallandmicroenterprisesisrelatedtothestabilityof employmentandthegrowthofresidents'wealthinourcountry,andisanimportantpart ofsocialstability.Therefore,supportingsmallandmicroenterpriseshasalwaysbeenan importantpartofeconomicandsocialdevelopment.Themainproblemthatplaguesthe developmentofsmallandmicroenterprisesisfinancingdifficulties.Tosolvethis problem,nationalpoliciesactivelysupportthedevelopmentofsmallandmicro enterprisesandencouragecommercialbankstoprovideloanstosmallandmicro enterprisestohelpthemdevelopwell.Inmanyimportantmeetingsandannual governmentreports,thegovernmenthasemphasizedtheneedtovigorouslysupportthe developmentofsmallandmicroenterprises,unblockthefinancingchannelsforsmall andmicroenterprises,andenhancetheabilityoffinancialservicestoservethereal economy.Therelevantregulatoryauthoritiesofcommercialbankshaveformulated specificmeasures.Thegrowthratetargetofsmallandmicrocreditscaleencourages commercialbankstoimprovecreditservicestosmallandmicroenterprisesfrommany aspects.Fromtheperspectiveofcommercialbanks,smallandmicroenterpriseshave weakeranti-riskcapabilitiesduetothemacroenvironmentandmanagementmechanisms, andtheriskofcreditdefaultishigherthanthatoflargeenterprises.Mostcommercial bankslackcustomeraccesstoprovideservicesforsmallandmicroenterprises.Channels andriskmanagementmethods,thedifficultyandcostofcreditriskmanagementfor smallandmicroenterprisesarealsohigh.Iftheriskmanagementprobleminthesmall andmicrocreditbusinessofcommercialbanksisnotresolved,itwillbedifficultforthe sourceoffinancetoflowtosmallandmicroenterprises. Theresearchobjectofthispaperisthecreditriskmanagementmeasuresofsmall andmedium-sizedenterprisesintheHbranchofBankC.Firstly,anoverviewofthe developmentofthesmallandmicrocreditbusinessandriskmanagementprocessof BankC’sHbranch.Inordertomoreaccuratelyunderstandthecurrentstatusofthe bank’ssmallandmicrocreditbusinessriskmanagement,aquestionnairewasdesigned basedonrelevanttheories.Afterconductingadetailedanalysisoftheresultsofthedata, andthenexploringthespecificproblemsandreasons,itwasfoundthatthemain problemsofthesmallandmicrocreditriskmanagementoftheHbranchofCbankare: theunscientificconfigurationofthesmallandmicrocreditaccountmanagerandthe 摘要 III smallandmicrobusinessriskavoidancemeasuresTherearemajorlimitations, inadequatepost-loanmanagementandcapitalflowsupervision.Therearefivemain reasonsfortheseproblems:oneistheimperfectconstructionofthecredittalentteam;the secondistheinformationasymmetrybetweenbanksandsmallandmicroenterprises;the thirdistheimperfectpost-loanmanagementmechanism.Thefourthisthelackofrisk managementculture.Finally,inresponsetotheproblemsandreasonsfoundinthepaper, theimprovementmeasurestoeffectivelyimprovetheriskmanagementofsmalland microcreditinBankCBankHbranchareproposed.Foursuggestionsaremainlygiven: oneistoimprovetheconstructionsystemofsmallandmicrocreditcustomermanagers; theotheristoinnovatecreditservicesNewmodel;thirdistostrengthenpost-loanrisk management;fourthistostrengthentheconstructionofriskmanagementculture. Keywords:smallmicro-enterprises;commercialbanks;creditbusiness;riskcontrol 目录 IV 目录 摘要.............................................................................................................................I Abstract..........................................................................................................................II 目录..........................................................................................................................IV 第1章绪论..................................................................................................................1 1.1研究背景.................................................................................................................1 1.2研究意义.................................................................................................................2 1.2.1理论意义..........................................................................................................2 1.2.2现实意义..........................................................................................................2 1.3国内外研究现状.....................................................................................................2 1.3.1国外研究现状..................................................................................................2 1.3.2国内研究现状..................................................................................................3 1.3.3文献评述..........................................................................................................4 1.4研究内容与结构框架.............................................................................................5 1.5研究方法与技术路线.............................................................................................5 1.5.1研究方法..........................................................................................................5 1.5.2技术路线图......................................................................................................6 第2章核心概念与相关理论......................................................................................8 2.1小微企业.................................................................................................................8 2.1.1小微企业概念界定..........................................................................................8 2.1.2小微企业特征分析..........................................................................................8 2.1.3小微企业信贷需求特点..................................................................................9 2.1.4小微企业信贷需求分析..................................................................................9 2.2小微企业信贷风险管理理论...............................................................................11 2.2.1信用风险........................................................................................................11 2.2.2操作风险........................................................................................................14 2.3商业银行信贷