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I 摘要 我国经济正处于迈入高质量发展的关键转型期,经济结构与产业升级虽已取 得显著成效,但支柱产业集中度低、技术创新水平有待提升等问题仍比较突出。 在如今贸易摩擦的国际大背景下,激活国内需求,并将其转换为经济增长的内生 驱动力是必然选择。为解决发展中深层次的问题,不仅需要改革开放继续释放红 利,也需要推动企业并购发展,充分发挥微观市场的资源配置作用,激活市场活 力,推动产业结构升级,为高质量发展增质提效。并购不仅对深化国企改革具有 示范作用,也是企业进行资源整合、提升市场竞争力、实现转型发展的重要手段, 最终实现欧亿·体育(中国)有限公司整合与产业转型升级。 我国并购市场活跃度自2010年呈螺旋式上升,近几年市场整体活跃性良好。 在产业政策和企业利益的双重约束下,并购绩效是各方关注的重点,但总体并购 绩效仍有待提升,其中机构投资者持股与会计稳健性是影响并购成效的重要因 素。诸多研究表明,机构投资者对上市公司规范运作有积极促进作用,其作为资 本市场重要组成部分和企业的重要股东,是怎样影响并购绩效?而会计稳健性不 仅能反映会计信息质量,缓解信息不对称程度,直接或间接地影响企业价值,同 时也是企业内部重要治理机制,约束管理层的行为。并购重组往往作为企业的重 大决策,会计稳健性对并购绩效产生怎样的影响? 基于有效市场假说理论、委托代理理论、信息不对称理论和并购动因等理论, 本文以沪深A股2010-2016年间发起的并购事件作为研究样本,依照牛建波等学 者的方法将机构投资者划分为稳定型机构投资者和交易型机构投资者,将净资产 收益率差额(△ROE)和采用事件研究法计算得出的累计超额收益率(CAR)作 为长短期并购绩效的代理变量,建立多元回归模型,分析异质机构投资者、会计 稳健性对并购绩效产生怎样的影响,异质机构投资者对会计稳健性与并购绩效是 否具有调节作用。进一步讨论异质机构投资者对并购绩效产生影响的作用机理。 研究发现:(1)机构投资者在企业中持股比例越高,并购绩效越好,其中 对长期并购绩效的影响远大于短期,稳定型机构投资者比交易型机构投资者则更 有利于提升长期并购绩效;(2)会计稳健性程度越高,企业并购绩效越好,与 短期并购绩效相比,对长期并购绩效的影响更明显;(3)异质机构投资者对会 计稳健性与长期并购绩效有调节作用,其中稳定型机构投资者持股对企业会计稳 健性与并购绩效具有正向促进作用,而交易型机构投资者持股对会计稳健性与并 购绩效无明显作用;(4)进一步,本文提出了异质机构投资者影响企业并购绩 效的两种作用机制。其一,是机构投资者持股比例的提升对企业代理成本有明显 摘要 II 降低作用,相较于交易型机构投资者,稳定型机构投资者持股对代理成本的影响 更显著。其二,是机构投资者持股可以有效增强企业的并购整合能力,相较于交 易型机构投资者,稳定型机构投资者持股对提升企业并购整合能力更显著。最后 根据实证结果,从机构投资者和会计稳健性的角度助力企业并购活动,给出相应 政策建议,大力推动机构投资者发展,鼓励机构投资者主动参与企业经营,提升 会计信息质量、内部治理水平,并有效引导企业并购。 关键词:异质机构投资者;会计稳健性;并购绩效;影响机制 Abstract III Abstract China'seconomyisinacriticaltransitionperiodofhigh-qualitydevelopment. Althoughtheeconomicstructureandindustrialupgradinghaveachievedremarkable results,theproblemsoflowconcentrationofpillarindustriesandtheneedtoimprove theleveloftechnologicalinnovationarestillprominent.Inthecurrentinternational contextoftradefriction,itisinevitabletoactivatedomesticdemandandconvertit intoanendogenousdrivingforceforeconomicgrowth.Inordertosolvethe deep-seatedproblemsindevelopment,itisnecessarynotonlytocontinuetorelease dividendsthroughreformandopeningup,butalsotopromotethedevelopmentof enterprisemergersandacquisitions,givefullplaytotheroleofresourceallocationin themicromarket,activatemarketvitality,promotetheupgradingofindustrial structure,andincreasequalityandefficiencyforhigh-qualitydevelopment..Mergers andacquisitionsnotonlyhaveademonstrationroleindeepeningthereformof state-ownedenterprises,butalsoanimportantmeansforenterprisestointegrate resources,enhancemarketcompetitiveness,andachievetransformationand development,andultimatelyachieveindustryintegrationandindustrial transformationandupgrading. TheactivityofChina'sM&Amarkethasincreasedinaspiralsince2010,and theoverallmarketactivityhasbeengoodinrecentyears.Underthedualconstraints ofindustrialpolicyandcorporateinterests,M&Aperformanceisthefocusofall partiesconcerned,butoverallM&Aperformancestillneedstobeimproved,among whichinstitutionalinvestorholdingsandaccountingstabilityareimportantfactors thataffecttheeffectivenessofM&A.Manystudieshaveshownthatinstitutional investorshaveapositiveroleinpromotingthestandardizedoperationoflisted companies.Asanimportantpartofthecapitalmarketandanimportantshareholderof anenterprise,howdoesitaffectM&Aperformance?Therobustnessofaccounting cannotonlyreflectthequalityofaccountinginformation,alleviatethedegreeof informationasymmetry,anddirectlyorindirectlyaffectthevalueoftheenterprise, butalsoanimportantgovernancemechanismwithintheenterprise,whichrestrictsthe behaviorofmanagement.M&Aandreorganizationareoftenimportantdecisionsfor enterprises.HowdoesaccountingrobustnessaffectM&Aperformance? Basedonthetheoryofefficientmarkethypothesis,principal-agenttheory, Abstract IV informationasymmetrytheoryandmotivationsofmergersandacquisitions,this articletakesthemergerandacquisitioneventsinitiatedbyShanghaiandShenzhenA sharesfrom2010to2016asresearchsamples,anddividesinstitutionalinvestorsinto NiuJianboandotherscholarsaccordingtothemethodsofscholarssuchasNiuJianbo. Stableinstitutionalinvestorsandtransactionalinstitutionalinvestorsusethe differenceinnetassetreturn(△ROE)andthecumulativeexcessrateofreturn(CAR) calculatedusingtheeventresearchmethodasproxyvariablesforlong-andshort-term M&AperformancetoestablishmultipleregressionsThemodelanalyzestheimpact ofheterogeneousinstitutionalinvestorsandaccountingrobustnessonM&A performance.Doesheterogeneousinstitutionalinvestorshaveamoderatingeffecton accountingrobustnessandM&Aperformance.Furtherdiscussthemechanismofthe impactofheterogeneousinstitutionalinvestorsonM&Aperformance. Theresearchfoundthat:(1)Thehighertheproportionofinstitutionalinvestors inthecompany,thebettertheM&Aperformance.Theimpactonlong-termM&A performanceismuchgreaterthantheshort-term.Stableinstitutionalinvestorsare moreconducivetopromotionthantransactionalinstitutionalinvestors.Long-termM &Aperformance(2)Thehigherthedegreeofaccountingconservatism,thebetterthe M&Aperformanceoftheenterpriseparedwiththeshort-termM&A performance,theimpactonthelong-termM&Aperformanceismoreobvious(3) Theheterogeneousinstitutionalinvestors’M&Aperformancehasamoderating effect,amongwhichstableinstitutionalinvestorholdingshaveapositiveeffecton corporateaccountingrobustnessandM&Aperformance,whiletransactional institutionalinvestorholdingshavenosignificanteffectonaccountingrobustnessand M&Aperformance(4)Further,thispaperproposestwomechanismsfor heterogeneousinstitutionalinvestorstoinfluencetheperformanceofM&A.Oneis thattheincreaseintheproportionofinstitutionalinvestorsholdingshareshasa significanteffectonreducingagencycostsofenterprisesparedwith transactionalinstitutionalinvestors,stableinstitutionalinvestorholdingshaveamore significantimpactonagencycosts.Second,theholdingsofinstitutionalinvestorscan effectivelyenhancetheM&Aandintegrationcapabilitiesofenterprisespared withtransactionalinstitutionalinvestors,stableinstitutionalinvestorholdingsare moresignificantinenhancingtheM&Aandintegrationcapabilitiesofenterprises. Finally,accordingtotheempiricalresults,fromtheperspectiveofinstitutional investorsandaccountingrobustness,assistcorporatemergersandacquisitions,give Abstract V correspondingpolicyrecommendations,vigorouslypromotethedevelopmentof institutionalinvestors,encourageinstitutionalinvestorstoactivelyparticipatein businessoperations,andimprovethequalityofaccountinginformationandinternal governance,Andeffectivelyguidecorporatemergersandacquisitions. KeyWords:Heterogeneousinstitutionalinvestors;Accountingconservatism;M &AperformanceInfluenceMechanism 目录 1 目录 第1章绪论...................1 1.1研究背景.............1 1.2选题目的与意义.2 1.3国内外研究综述.2 1.3.1机构投资者的公司治理作用与企业并购...............2 1.3.2会计稳健性的公司治理作用与企业并购...............4 1.3.3并购绩效研究............................5 1.3.4文献评述.....5 1.4研究内容与方法.6 1.4.1研究内容.....6 1.4.2研究方法.....7 1.5创新点.................8 第2章概念界定与理