iii 摘要 随着21世纪经济全球一体化的发展和日益激烈的市场竞争，供应商管理已经 不再局限于原来的采购管理，供应商在供应链管理中的价值和作用已经得到企业 的证实与普遍认可。供应商选择的恰当与否，会直接影响生产企业的成本和最终 产品的质量水平，因此企业需要结合自身的管理模式和经营特点，建立一套供应 商评价体系和方法。在保证采购物资质量的前提下，降低采购成本，进一步提高 采购管理水平，通过实现整体供应链的优化与建设来提升企业的整体竞争力。 中国中车股份有限公司为我国轨道交通装备制造欧亿·体育（中国）有限公司首屈一指的集团企业，为 了响应国资委要求于2015年底授权集团下属一级子公司中车物流有限公司实施集 团范围内的一级集中采购，对目录内所列物资进行集中采购，并对原有供应商管 理体系进行重构，通过信息化手段建立集中、高效、透明的集团化“阳光采购”。 本文是对中车集团集中采购的供应商评价研究。通过查阅相关文献欧亿·体育（中国）有限公司，从供应 商评价定义及内容、熵值法等相关理论出发，结合自身在采购管理岗位上的工作 经验，深入分析当下中车集团集中采购供应商评价中的现状和不足。通过对现有 采购信息的梳理和采购物资入厂后实际运作的调研，拟定了中车集中采购供应商 评价的指标体系。然后基于熵值法，以电缆供应商为实例构建了一套适用于中车 集团集中采购的供应商评价基础模型。最后对供应商评价的结果进行验证与应用， 改进现有的供应商奖惩机制，对招标过程中的赋权起到指导作用，实现了采购招 标与供应商评价的闭环流程。 本文的研究成果在于：建立了一套适用于中车集团集中采购的供应商评价的指 标体系，并基于熵值法构建了供应商评价的模型。最后，阐述了评价结果在后续 供应商分级动态管理中的实施与应用，切实推动了中车集团层面的供应渠道的优 化和建设。 关键词：供应商评价；集中采购；熵值法； 北京交通大学硕士专业学位论文摘要 iv ABSTRACT Withthedevelopmentofglobaleconomicintegrationandanincreasinglyfiercemarket competitioninthe21stcentury,thesuppliermanagementisnolongerlimitedtoits originalprocurementmanagement.Thevalueandroleofsuppliersinsupplychain managementhasbeenconfirmedandgenerallyrecognizedbyenterprisesinreality. Whethersupplierselectionisappropriateornotwilldirectlyaffectthecostof productionandthequalityleveloffinalproducts.Therefore,enterprisesneedto establishasetofindicatorsandmethodsforsupplierevaluationincombinationwith theirownmanagementmodelandoperatingcharacteristics.Inordertoreduce procurementcostsandfurtherimproveprocurementmanagementonthepremiseof ensuringthequalityofprocurementmaterials,anintegratedcompetitivepowercanbe generallyimprovedbyoptimizingandconstructingthewholesupplychain. InresponsetotherequestofSASAC,CRRCCorporationLimitedasaleading enterprisegroupinrailwayequipmentindustryauthorizeCRRCLogistics,asubsidiary oftheGroup,carryingout1stlevelcentralizedpurchasingwithintheGroupstarting fromtheyearof2016.HereinCRRCcouldpromotethereconstructionofthenew purchasingmanagementsystembymeansofinformationtechnology,andbuilda “sunshineprocurement”withthecharactersofcentralization,efficiency,and transparency.ThispaperfocusonsupplierevaluationofCRRCGroupcentralized procurement.Byreferringtorelevantliteraturefromthetheoryofsupplierevaluation theory,entropymethodcombiningwithownbuyerexperience,thispaperdeeply analysesthecurrentstatusandshortcomingsofcentralizedprocurementinsupplier evaluation.Aftersortingoutattainablepurchasinginformationinhandsand investigatingmanufacturesactualoperation,asetofquantifiableindicatorsfor centralizedprocurementcanbeobtainedandcollected.Thenceforth,theentropymethod isappliedtosetupabasicmodelofsupplierevaluation.Finally,theresultofsupplier evaluationisverifiedandimplementedintopractice. Theachievementsofthispaperareasfollowings:firstly,asetofquantifiableindicators isestablishedforthesupplierevaluation.secondly,entropyweightmethodasan objectiveweightingmethodisappliedintosupplierevaluationmodelset-up.thirdly,the evaluationresultcanbefurtherusedintosupplierhierarchicalanddynamic managementafterthevaliditycheck.,soastoeffectivelypromotetheconstructionof supplychanneloptimization. 北京交通大学硕士专业学位论文摘要 v Keywords:Supplierevaluation;Centralizedprocurement;Entropy; 北京交通大学硕士专业学位论文 vi 目录 摘要.......................................................................................................................III ABSTRACT..................................................................................................................IV 目录..........................................................................................................................VI 1绪论......................................................................................................................8 1.1研究背景及意义............................................................................................8 1.1.1研究背景................................................................................................8 1.1.2研究意义................................................................................................8 1.2国内外文献综述............................................................................................9 1.2.1供应商评价指标体系文献综述............................................................9 1.2.2供应商评价方法文献综述..................................................................11 1.3研究方法及内容..........................................................................................13 1.3.1研究方法..............................................................................................14 1.3.2研究内容..............................................................................................14 1.4研究技术路线..............................................................................................15 2基础概念及理论介绍..........................................................................................16 2.1供应商评价理论..........................................................................................16 2.1.1供应商评价定义及内容......................................................................17 2.1.2供应商评价步骤..................................................................................17 2.1.3供应商评价原则..................................................................................18 2.2熵值法理论介绍..........................................................................................18 2.2.1熵值法理论概述..................................................................................19 2.2.2熵值法数学原理..................................................................................19 2.2.3熵值法应用..........................................................................................20 3中车集团集中采购管理的现状与问题..............................................................21 3.1业务基本情况...............................................................................................21 3.1.1公司概况..............................................................................................21 3.1.2一级集中采购物资介绍......................................................................23 3.1.3集中采购招标管理基本情况..............................................................24 北京交通大学硕士专业学位论文 vii 3.2供应商评价管理的现状...............................................................................25 3.2.1供应商评价管理制度及流程..............................................................25 3.2.2供应商评价的指标体系......................................................................27 3.2.3供应商评价的方法..............................................................................27 3.3供应商评价过程中存在的问题...................................................................29 3.3.1评价指标体系问题..............................................................................30 3.3.2供应商评价方法的问题......................................................................31 4中车集团集中采购供应商评价系统的构建与实施..........................................32 4.1构建供应商评价指标体系..........................................................................32 4.1.1一级指标选择......................................................................................32 4.1.2二级指标选择..