随着城市化进程的推进，返乡农民工已经逐渐成为一个不可忽视的群体，同 时他们对于乡村振兴战略的实施也起着重要的作用。但是目前存在的情况却是大 多数农民工在返乡之后处于歇业状态，导致他们在城市中积累的人力资本被闲置， 这极大地造成了乡村发展过程中内生力量的不足，因此大力推动返乡农民工从事 创业活动，不仅有利于其个人的生存和发展，也有利于乡村振兴的实现。 本研究以返乡农民工创业者为主体，依据人力资本理论和创业理论，旨在揭 示返乡农民工务工经历对其创业能力影响作用的具体机制，为鼓励促进返乡农民 工进行创业提供政策建议。本研究主要解决的问题如下：（1）务工经历影响返乡 农民工创业能力的理论依据是什么？（2）务工经历影响返乡农民工创业能力提 升的实证检验结果如何？（3）如何促进返乡农民工创业？ 为了能够解决这些问题，本文结合了相应的理论和文献构建出了“务工经历 —人力资本—创业能力”的逻辑框架，依据相关理论把人力资本划分为知识型人 力资本和技能型人力资本，把创业能力划分为机会能力和运营管理能力，其中机 会能力包括机会识别能力和机会开发能力，运营管理能力包括组织能力、战略能 力、关系能力和承诺能力。接着通过在安徽、江西等省份进行问卷调查获得了 183份返乡农民工创业者的样本数据，以此为依据运用结构方程模型进行了实证 分析，得出结论如下：（1）返乡农民工知识型人力资本的积累主要受工作转换次 数的影响，而不受务工时长的影响；（2）返乡农民工技能型人力资本的积累主要 受工作转换次数的影响，而不受务工时长的影响；（3）知识型人力资本和技能型 人力资本对返乡农民工创业的机会能力均有正向影响，且两者的作用程度相差不 大；（4）知识型人力资本和技能型人力资本对返乡农民工创业的运营管理能力均 有正向影响，且技能型人力资本的影响大于知识型人力资本的影响。 因此，根据研究结论本文提出了相应的政策建议。首先，提供一定的政策支 持来鼓励更多的返乡农民工创业；其次，注重返乡农民工在城市务工过程中知识 技能的学习，从而提升他们返乡后的创业能力；最后，在返乡农民工创业的过程 中要开展针对性的技能培训，帮助其进行创业。 关键词：返乡农民工；务工经历；人力资本；创业能力。 江苏大学硕士学位论文 II ABSTRACT With the advancement of urbanization, migrant workers returning home have gradually become a group that can not be ignored. At the same time, they also play an important role in the implementation of Rural Revitalization Strategy. However, the current situation is that most of the migrant workers are closed after returning home, resulting in their accumulated human capital in the city being idle, which greatly causes the lack of endogenous power in the process of rural development. Therefore, vigorously promoting the migrant workers to engage in entrepreneurial activities is not only conducive to their personal survival and development, but also conducive to the realization of Rural Revitalization. Based on the theory of human capital and entrepreneurship, this study aims to reveal the specific mechanism of the impact of migrant workers' work experience on their entrepreneurial ability, and provide policy suggestions for encouraging migrant workers to start their own businesses. The main problems of this study are as follows: (1) what is the theoretical basis of the impact of migrant workers' entrepreneurial ability? (2) What is the empirical test result of migrant workers' entrepreneurial ability? (3) How to promote the entrepreneurship of Returned Migrant Workers? In order to solve these problems, this paper constructs a logical framework of "work experience human capital entrepreneurial ability", divides human capital into knowledge-based human capital and skill based human capital, divides entrepreneurial ability into opportunity ability and operation management ability, and opportunity ability includes opportunity identification ability and opportunity ability The ability to develop and manage operations includes organizational ability, strategic ability, relationship ability and commitment ability. Then, 183 samples of Returned Migrant Workers' entrepreneurs are obtained through questionnaire survey in Anhui, Jiangxi and other provinces. Based on this, the empirical analysis is carried out by using structural equation model, and the conclusions are as follows: (1) the accumulation of knowledge-based human capital of Returned Migrant workers is 江苏大学硕士学位论文 III mainly affected by the number of work conversion, not by the length of working hours; (2) returned migrant workers' technology The accumulation of capable human capital is mainly affected by the number of job changes, not by the length of working hours; (3) knowledge-based human capital and skill-based human capital have a positive impact on the opportunity ability of returning migrant workers to start their own businesses, and the difference between the two is not significant; (4) knowledge-based human capital and skill-based human capital on the operation and management ability of returning migrant workers to start their own businesses There is a positive impact, and the impact of skilled human capital is greater than that of knowledge-based human capital. Therefore, according to the conclusion of the study, this paper puts forward the corresponding policy recommendations. First of all, provide certain policy support to encourage more returned migrant workers to start businesses; second, pay attention to the learning of knowledge and skills in the process of urban migrant workers, so as to improve their entrepreneurial ability after returning home; finally, in the process of entrepreneurship of Returned Migrant workers, targeted skills training should be carried out to help them start businesses. Keywords：Returning migrant workers; employment experience; human capital; entrepreneurial ability 江苏大学硕士学位论文 IV 目录 摘要.................................................................................................................................................... I ABSTRACT ...................................................................................................................................... II 第1章绪论....................................................................................................................................... 1 1.1问题的提出与研究意义 ..................................................................................................... 1 1.1.1问题的提出 .............................................................................................................. 1 1.2研究内容与思路方法 ......................................................................................................... 3 1.2.1研究内容 .................................................................................................................. 3 1.2.2研究思路 .................................................................................................................. 4 1.2.3研究方法 .................................................................................................................. 5 1.3创新点................................................................................................................................. 6 第2章相关理论基础与文献综述 ................................................................................................... 7 2.1相关理论基础 ..................................................................................................................... 7 2.1.1人力资本理论 .......................................................................................................... 7 2.1.2创业理论 .................................................................................................................. 8 2.2文献综述........................................................................................................................... 12 2.2.1返乡农民工的概念界定 ........................................................................................ 12 2.2.2务工经历的相关研究 ............................................................................................ 12 2.2.3农民工返乡创业的影响因素研究 ........................................................................ 14 2.2.4返乡农民工创业能力的相关研究 ........................................