荒漠生态系统是中国西北地区广泛存在的生态系统类型之一，既是周边居民 赖以生存的自然环境和资源所在，又是抵御沙源区沙尘危害的天然屏障。然而， 荒漠生态系统天然生物结构简单，资源数量有限，形成了其生态脆弱的属性，加 之气候、水文、地质等自然条件恶化与不合理开发利用等人为活动加剧，荒漠生 态系统内的土地呈现出日渐严峻的沙化趋势。国家和社会各界并行多项工程举措 进行沙化土地修复工作，也未能遏制土地沙化趋势。在此背景下，正确认识到人 为因素对土地沙漠化的不良加速作用，并针对此提出经济修复的途径，对于沙化 土地的修复和广泛分布的荒漠生态系统的健康发育具有重要意义。 本文首先对经济修复途径的概念进行科学界定，明确针对土地沙化问题的有 效经济激励手段，并运用临泽县经济统计数据对经济修复途径的宏观层面可行性 进行评价。其次，基于 Sen 的可行能力，运用连续多次调研数据，对经济修复途 径的微观层面可行性进行评价。通过以上两个层面对经济修复途径的可行性进行 了评价，得到结论如下： 第一，单一依靠传统的技术手段进行修复必将陷入“高投入-微见效”的修 复困境，依靠技术修复和经济修复并行才是修复沙化土地的有效策略。 第二，经济修复途径从宏观层面是可行的，影响经济修复可行性评价的主要 因素在于制度保障，合理的制度设计和预防补救手段是经济修复途径有效实施必 不可少的。 第三，经济修复的微观层面可行性主要取决于农户的可行能力而不是对沙化 土地修复的认识程度和参与意愿。改善农户生计结构，提高农户可行能力，才能 够保证经济修复途径的有效推广。 关键字：沙化土地，经济修复，宏观，微观，可行性II Feasible Study on Economic Methods of Restoration in Degraded Desert Ecosystem——Case Study of Linze Abstract Desert Ecosystem is considered to be widely spread ecosystem in west China, which not only provide people there the environment and resources, but prevent the dangers from desert area. However, the desert ecosystem is featured to be eco-fragile because of its unitary species composition and poor natural resources. Additionally, owing to the deteriorated climate, poor hydrogeological conditions as well as anthropogenic activities, degradation of land in desert ecosystem goes serious. The state and society from all walks of life in parallel a number of engineering measures for desertification land restoration, also failed to curb land desertification trend. Under this background, the correct understanding to the human factors of desertification negative acceleration, economic repair are put forward based on the way, for the desertification of land restoration and widely distributed desert ecosystem development is of great significance. First, this article makes definition of economic restoration methods, the effective economic incentives for land desertification problems, and the feasibility research is based on data sets of Linze county. Secondly, based on the practical ability from Sen, the data set is used to make feasibility evaluation of economic restoration methods on micro-level. And conclusions can be drawn as follows: First, a simple rely on the traditional technology to restore will obtain slight effect faded in great investment, it’s effective to adapt both technological and economical restoration. Second, economic restoration methods is feasible on the macroscopic level, the main factors influencing the economic repair feasibility evaluation lies in the system safeguard, the reasonable design and prevention and remedial measures are essential to effective economic restoration. Third, effect of economic restoration depends on the farmer's practical ability rather than the degree of understanding and participation intention of. To make sure the effective promotion of economic methods, endeavor on improvement of farmers’ livelihood is supposed to be made. Key words: desertificated land, economic restoration, macroscopic aspects, microscopic aspects, feasibilit目 录 中文摘要.....................................................................................................I ABSTRACT...............................................................................................II 第一章 研究背景.......................................................................................1 1.1 研究背景.........................................................................................................1 1.1.1 荒漠生态系统下环境对社会经济发展的约束收紧..........................1 1.1.2 针对荒漠化问题的修复力度加强......................................................2 1.1.3 我国荒漠化问题的修复困境..............................................................3 1.2 研究目的与意义.............................................................................................4 1.2.1 研究目的..............................................................................................4 1.2.2 研究意义..............................................................................................5 1.3 研究思路与方法.............................................................................................5 1.3.1 研究思路..............................................................................................5 1.3.2 研究方法..............................................................................................6 第二章 相关概念与文献综述 ..................................................................7 2.1 概念界定.........................................................................................................7 2.1.1 经济修复..............................................................................................7 2.1.1 经济修复途径可行性..........................................................................7 2.2 理论回顾.........................................................................................................8 2.2.1 干扰生态学理论..................................................................................8 2.2.2 生态恢复理论......................................................................................9 2.3 文献综述.......................................................................................................10 2.3.1 荒漠生态系统现状与评价................................................................10 2.3.2 生态系统退化机制分析.................................................................... 11兰州大学硕士研究生学位报告 沙化土地经济修复途径的可行性研究——以临泽为例 2.3.3 经济修复的概念与内涵....................................................................12 2.3.4 经济修复途径....................................................................................13 第三章 研究区域与调研过程 ................................................................16 3.1 研究区域概况...............................................................................................16 3.1.1 自然环境概况....................................................................................16 3.1.2 社会经济发展状况............................................................................17 3.1.3 现行沙化土地治理现状....................................................................18 3.2 数据来源.......................................................................................................18 3.2.1 调研过程............................................................................................20 3.2.2 被访农户基本情况............................................................................20 第四章 沙化土地经济修复途径的可行性宏观视角研究....................23 4.1 模型指标体系的构建...................................................................................23 4.1.1 指标体系设置的原则........................................................................23 4.1.2 指标体系设置的方法........................................................................23 4.2 构建可行性评价模型...................................................................................25 4.2.1 物元模型............................................................................................26 4.2.2 基于物元模型的可行性评价思路....................................................31 4.3 可行性评价的宏观视角实证研究...............................................................