高校问责制是当代西方高校管理的重要形式和手段，是在高等教育大众化阶 段引起关注，普及化阶段被广泛强调，并逐渐成为西方高等教育管理科学化的 制度和象征。西方高等学校通过履行问责制有效回应了高等教育利益相关方对 于高等学校的各种责任的诉求，并满足了高校自身生存和发展的内在需要。 随着我国高等教育大众化的急速发展，我国高等学校不得不面临着规模短期 扩张、教育资源极度匮乏、市场环境适应能力低下等许多问题，对我国高等学 校的管理提出了严峻的考验。而这些问题与西方发达国家高等教育同期发展所 面临的问题相比，情况异中有同，程度或大或小。因此西方高等学校管理中的 有效形式——问责制的成功经验，无疑值得我们加以探讨和借鉴。 本篇学位报告首先对高校问责制的相关概念进行了解析，然后分析了美国和 英国的高校问责制的实施现状，力图在借鉴西方高校问责制的实践经验的基础 上，针对我国高等学校管理中存在的问题，结合我国高校管理改革的趋势，得 出我国高校管理改革中引入问责制的必要性和可行性，并尝试提出中肯可行的 建议和可能的实践模式。 【关键词】问责制 高校管理 改革 高等教育Abstract The accountability，being an important form and means of the contemporary administration of higher education institutions in westen country，aroused great attention at the period of the massification of Western higher education，received extensive emphasis in its universal period and has gradually become the policy and symbol of the scientific inclination of administration of Western higher education. The institutions have effectively responded to the requirement of all sorts of accountabilities towards higher education from the relevant part of interests by fulfilling the accountability，and have met the inner needs of the self-existence and development of the institutions. With the development of the massification of higher education in our country，the institutions of higher education have to face the scale short-term to expand，the educational resources extremely deficient，low capacity to adapt to market conditions and many other issues，the management of institutions of higher education in China has posed a severe test. These issues with the same period in the development of higher education in western countries compared with the problems faced by, the situation is different, there are the same, greater or lesser extent. Therefore, management of the Western institutions of higher learning in an effective form - the successful experience of the accountability system is undoubtedly worthy of our discussion and learn from. This dissertation first has carried on the analysis to the university accountability's related concept, then has analyzed American and Britain's university accountability implementation present situation, tries hard to profit from the Western university accountability in experience's foundation, has the problem in view of our country College management, unifies Our country University management reform the tendency, obtains in Our country University management reform to introduce the accountability the necessity and the feasibility, and attempts puts forward the critical feasible proposal and the possible practice pattern. 【Key Words】accountability themanagementofuniversities reform highereducation目录 摘要 Abstract 1 导论 ....................................................................................................................................................................... 1 1.1 选题的背景及意义 ..................................................................................................................................... 1 1.2 相关研究综述 ............................................................................................................................................. 1 1.2.1 关于问责分类的研究 ...................................................................................................................... 2 1.2.2 关于高校问责制内容的研究 .......................................................................................................... 2 1.2.3 关于高校问责制推行的合理性研究............................................................................................... 3 1.3 研究思路 ..................................................................................................................................................... 4 1.3.1 报告的框架及创新 .......................................................................................................................... 4 1.3.2 研究方法 .......................................................................................................................................... 4 2 高校问责制的相关概念解析 ............................................................................................................................... 6 2.1 问责的含义 ................................................................................................................................................. 6 2.2 问责制在不同领域的界定 ......................................................................................................................... 7 2.2.1 政治学和公共管理学领域的问责制............................................................................................... 7 2.2.2 教育学领域的问责制 ...................................................................................................................... 8 2.3 高校问责制的概念界定与功能分析 ......................................................................................................... 9 2.3.1 高校问责制的概念界定 .................................................................................................................. 9 2.3.2 高校问责制的功能分析 ................................................................................................................ 11 3 西方高校问责制对我国的启示 ......................................................................................................................... 12 3.1 美国高校问责制的发展 ........................................................................................................................... 12 3.1.1 背景分析 ........................................................................................................................................ 12 3.1.2 运行机构 ........................................................................................................................................ 12 3.1.3 实施路径和主要内容 .................................................................................................................... 14 3.2 英国高校问责制的现状分析 ................................................................................................................... 17 3.2.1 英国高等学校的利益相关者 ........................................................................................................ 18 3.2.2 利益相关者对高等学校的利益诉求............................................................................................. 19 3.2.3 问责对英国高等学校的影响及其改进......................................................................................... 20 3.3 西方高校问责制对我国的借鉴意义 ....................................................................................................... 22 4 我国高校管理改革的现状分析 ......................................................................................................................... 24 4.1 我国高等教育大众化进程及存在的问题................................................................................................ 24 4.1.1 我国高等教育大众化的进程 ........................................................................................................ 24 4.1.2 存在的问题 .................................................................................................................................... 25 4.2 我国高校管理改革的趋势分析 ............................................................................................................... 27 4.2.1 高等学校管理模式向“自主型”转变 ........................................................................