泥炭、油页岩和草炭是陕西境内丰富的有机矿藏资源，主要蕴藏在铜川、咸 阳、渭南、延安等市渭北一带及榆林的干旱、生态环境脆弱的地区，储量丰富， 可开采程度高。目前，虽然人们已经认识到泥炭、油页岩和草炭等有机矿藏资源 在农业上应用的重要性，但是由于各地有机矿藏资源形成的造炭植物和环境条件 等各方面的不同，造成它们的基本性质差异较大，开发利用的难度增大。开发利 用最首要的问题是要了解他们的理化性状，然后才能正确地评价这些资源的可利 用价值，确定所应用的方面和领域，制定出科学的利用方案。但是有关我省泥炭、 油页岩和草炭的各种基本性质和农业应用价值的研究欧亿·体育（中国）有限公司至今还较为贫乏，不够 全面系统，缺乏农业利用的科学依据。 本研究针对以上存在问题，对我省彬县泥炭、铜川油页岩和榆林草炭三种有 机矿藏资源的有机物质组成及含量、矿质养分含量、盐分组成及含量、持水性能 以及重金属含量等进行了系统的测定和分析研究，企图探讨我省三种有机矿藏资 源在农业中应用存在的主要问题以及改良措施，并对其农业利用价值进行客观评 价，为农业生产服务。主要研究结果如下， 1.三种有机矿藏资源中有机物质的含量和组成差异很大，其中均以胡敏素的 含量较高，褐腐酸含量次之。草炭的腐植酸含量高，尤其是黄腐酸含量较高，具 有工业化提取，生产新型肥料添加剂的开发价值；三种有机矿藏资源作为作物的 栽培基质配置方面具有应用前景，使用前进行一定的灭菌处理是非常重要的。沥 青含量高制约着有机矿藏资源安全使用，需要通过物理挥发处理或生物降解处 理，才能保证其安全使用。 泥炭、油页岩、草炭三种有机矿藏资源中各种有机物质含量均较高。有机碳 含量分别为 57.83g/kg，117.19g/kg，272.32g/kg，远高于普通土壤，是其农业利 用最显著的特点之一。腐植酸含量也较高，分别为 8.67g/kg，19.84g/kg， 156.86g/kg，非常有利于作物的生长需求。有机物质含量及玉米试验生物量均以 草炭最好，油页岩次之，泥炭稍差。 2.三种有机矿藏资源有效养分含量特征是氮高，钾较为适宜，磷素欠缺；全 量养分含量特征是氮磷较为丰富，钾素不足，钾素的供给容量低。在农业上使用 时，急需补磷，长远需要补钾。 泥炭、油页岩、草炭三种有机矿藏资源中全氮（4.26-12.74g/kg）、全磷 （1.05-2.59g/kg）、碱解氮（279-783mg/kg）含量较高，符合第二次全国土壤普查 土壤养分分级标准一级；有效磷（14.51-21.58mg/kg）和速效钾（144-380mg/kg）ii 含量中等，符合第二次全国土壤普查土壤养分分级标准二级或三级；全钾 （1.07-2.82g/kg）含量较低，为第二次全国土壤普查土壤养分分级最低标准六级。 氮磷钾养分比例失调，与关中塿土相比，全氮与全磷比例较高，全氮与全钾、碱 解氮与速效钾比例极高。三种有机矿藏资源全量养分含量和速效养分含量均以草 炭最好，油页岩次之，泥炭稍差。整体上氮含量充足，磷、钾含量缺乏。 3.三种有机矿藏资源中总盐分含量较高，盐分离子中 SO 4 2- 含量极高，成为 制约有机矿藏资源农业利用的障碍因素之一，使用前进行一定过程的洗盐是非常 必要的。同时尚需配合使用一定量的石灰。 泥炭、油页岩、草炭三种有机矿藏资源中阳离子交换量均较高，含量分别为 36.22cmol/kg ， 39.37cmol/kg ， 87.86cmol/kg 。水溶盐总量过高，含量分别为 11.02g/kg，8.27g/kg，19.30g/kg，是其农业利用的主要障碍因素之一。榆林草炭 中水溶盐总量过高，尤其是 SO 4 2- 含量（4.041g/kg）极高，严重影响作物根系的 正常生长。阳离子交换量按照泥炭、油页岩、草炭的顺序依次增加。水溶盐总量 按照油页岩、泥炭、草炭的顺序依次增加。 4.三种有机矿藏资源保水性能良好，高于普通土壤，田间持水量高，但萎蔫 系数因为盐分含量高的影响也相对偏高。 泥炭、油页岩、草炭三种有机矿藏资源的保水性均高于普通土壤。最大有效 水含量分别为 24.50％，25.74％，36.07%, 按照草炭最好，油页岩次之，泥炭稍 差排序,并且均与生物量呈正相关关系。 5.三种有机矿藏资源中砷含量严重超标，草炭农业利用重金属污染问题严 重，威胁食品安全。因此，建议作为腐殖酸提取的材料为宜；不宜直接作为栽培 基质使用。 泥炭、油页岩、草炭三种有机矿藏资源中砷含量分别为 61.90mg/kg， 58.15mg/kg，74.75mg/kg，皆超过无公害农产品标准中的限值（40mg/kg）。草炭 中的镉（1.49mg/kg）和汞（9.209mg/kg）也都超出无公害农产品标准中的限值 （1.0mg/kg 和 1.5mg/kg）。三种有机矿藏资源，尤其是草炭，农业利用中有效解 决重金属含量超标问题至关重要。 关键词，泥炭；油页岩；草炭；有机物质；矿质养分；水溶盐；保水性；重金属1 THE FEASIBILITY OF ORGANIC MINERAL RESOURCES OF SHAANXI APPLIED IN AGRICULTURE ABSTRACT Peat, oil shale and grass charcoal are the rich organic mineral resources in Shaanxi. They are mainly distributed in Weibei Region of the following cities: Tongchuan, Xianyang, Weinan and Yan’an and the arid and ecologically fragile parts in Yulin. They have rich reserves and highly workable extent. Although people have realized the importance of the application of the three resources in agriculture, they have difficulties in exploring these resources owing to their different properties which results from the different carbon-forming plants and the environment conditions. The primary problem in exploring and applying these resources is to know their physical and chemical properties, and then evaluate their value in application, locate the facets and fields of their application, carry out scientific projects in application. The research materials on the properties and the value of application in agriculture of these resources in Shaanxi are still insufficient and unsystematic, lack of scientific evidence of application in agriculture. This paper contributes to solving these existing problems. In the paper, the author makes a systematic testing and analysis of the peat resources in Bin County, the oil shale resources in Tongchuan and the grass charcoal resources in Yulin from the perspectives of composition and content of organic matter, mineral nutrient content, salt components and content, water holding capacity and the content of heavy metals in the three mineral resources. Through this systematic analysis, the author attempts to probe into the problems existing in the application of the three resources in agriculture, offer some measures for improvement and evaluate their value in application. The following are the five major findings: I. The content and composition of organic matter in the three resources differ greatly. The content of humin is the highest, fulvic acid is higher. Grass charcoal has a high content of humic acid and exploration value in industrial extraction and production of new fertilizer additive agent. The three resources have promising prospects as cultural substrate disposition. And it is necessary to carry out sterilization treatment beforehand. The high content of asphalt restricts the safe use of these2 resources. Their safe use can be ensured under the condition of physical volatility processing or biodegradation processing. All of the three resources contain rich organic matter. The content of organic carbon in peat, oil shale and grass charcoal is 57.83g/kg，117.19g/kg and 272.32g/kg, respectively, which far exceeds that in the soil. And this is one of the conspicuous features of their application in agriculture. The content of humic acid is also rich, which takes up 8.67g/kg，19.84g/kg and 156.86g/kg, respectively, and it is helpful for plant growth. The content of organic matter and maize biomass in the three resources go in the following order from high to low: grass charcoal--oil shale--peat. II. The feature of available nutrient content in the three resources is that available nitrogen is high, available potassium is all right, while available phosphorus is insufficient. The feature of total nutrient content is that total nitrogen and total phosphorus are high, total potassium is insufficient and its supply capacity is rather low. In agricultural application, it is urgent to replenish phosphorus and a long run to replenish potassium. The content of total nitrogen (4.26-12.74g/kg), total phosphorus (1.05-2.59g/kg) and available nitrogen (279-783mg/kg) are high in the three resources, living up to the first grade of evaluation criteria for soil nutrient in the Second National Soil Census. The content of available phosphorus (14.51-21.58mg/kg) and available potassium (144-380mg/kg) are medium in the three resources, living up to the second or third grade of evaluation criteria for soil nutrient in the Second National Soil Census. The content of total potassium (1.07-2.82g/kg) is relatively low, living up to the sixth grade of evaluation criteria for soil nutrient in the Second National Soil Census. The proportion of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium is imbalanced. Compared with Lou so