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本文对国内外商业地产开发运营模式的研究成果进行回顾,对国内商业地产开
发运营模式中存在的问题及产生的原因进行分析。以价值链理论和逆向开发运营理
论为基础,对万达集团和瑞安房地产有限公司商业地产开发运营模式的全程进行研
究分析。依托于案例分析,提出解决国内商业地产开发运营模式困境的建议,期望
政府提高自身的市场管理职能,开发商能够彻底转变住宅地产的开发模式,制定科
学的商业地产开发运营模式,希望这些建议能为我国未来的商业地产的发展和成功
提供一定的理论依据。
本文的行文思路如下:
第一章绪论部分主要归纳分析了国内外对商业地产开发运营模式的研究现状,
在对已有研究进行分析的背景下详细阐述了本文的研究内容及创新之处。在第一章
内容的基础上,本文在第二章主要介绍与商业地产开发运营相关的理论。对商业地
产的基础理论进行罗列,详细介绍本文的理论基础——价值链理论和逆向开发运营
理论。第三章则主要介绍我国现阶段商业地产开发运营模式的困境,并对导致困境
出现的原因进行分析。接下来在第四章和第五章本文列举并分析了两个案例,案例
中提到的公司对目前国内商业地产开发运营模式的利用比较科学。在土地获得方
式、开发运营理念的形成、物业租售占比和资金回笼、物业后期经营管理模式方面
获得了成功。本文认为,将成功案例的经验结合理论加以分析,将有助于形成一个
科学的开发运营模式并推广,因此在第六章中,笔者试图结合我国的社会经济发展
状况、案例公司的成功经验以及价值链理论和逆向开发运营理论,分别对开发商和
政府的管理理念提出建议,从开发运营模式、品牌管理、融资能力、人才管理和政
府职能管理等五个方面为科学的幵发运营模式提供依据。第七章为本文的结论和不
足,分析并总结了本文的研究结论。同时指出了本文创作的不足地方。
关键词:商业地产;开发运营模式;万达集团;瑞安房地产
Abstract
After 2008, because of the macro-control, the state of the residential real estate is rapidly
development again in China. The commercial project started in rise sharply and the
business area also grows quickly. Although, the commercial real estate experience the
rapid development in 2000 to2005, domestic scholars and professionals are also study
problems and put forward corresponding measures on the development and operation
mode. However, due to the development and operatment process of the domestic
commercial has not been a classic project,developers continue to try the various modes
during the process of commercial real estate development operations, therefore, there are
still many problems in the process of the development and operation worthy of our study.
Review the findings of the domestic and international commercial real estate
development operating model, analyze the problems and causes in it, This article use the
value chain theory and reverse the development of operator theory to research and
analyse developer and operator of mode of Wanda Group and Shui On Land Limited
commercial real estate. Relying on case studies, recommendations to address the plight
of the domestic commercial real estate development operating model is posed , expecting
the government to improve the market management functions, developers can completely
change the residential real estate development model to develop the science of
commercial real estate development operating model hopeing that these recommen
dations can provide a theoretical basis for the development and success of our future
commercial real estate.
This article drafting ideas are as follows:
The first chapter mainly analyzes the status of domestic and international commercial
real estate development operating model, Content and innovation of this study is
described in detail in the context of the analysis of existing research. On the basis of the
first chapter , the second chapter introduces the theory about the commercial real estate
development and operatment丄isting details of the theoretical basis of this article-the
theory of the value chain and reverse the development of operator theory.of.The third
chapter introduces the plight of our country at this stage of commercial real estate
development operating model, and the causes of the plight were analyzed. Next, in
Chapters IV and V of this article to enumerate and analyze two cases, the companies
mentioned in the case have scientific experience on the domestic commercial real estate
development operating model, land access, the development of the concept of operations,
the proportion of property sales and leasing and capital return, the property
post-management models have been successful. This paper argues that the success stories
of experience combined with theory to be analyzed, will help to shape a scientific mode
of operation and to promote. so,in Chapter VI, the author attempts to combine the
socio-economic development situation of China&39;s case the company&39;s successful
experience and the theory of value chain and reverse the development of operator theory,
respectively, on the management philosophy of the developers and the government to
make recommendations and provide the basis for the development of science operating
mode from the five aspects of the development of business model, brand management,
financing ability, talent management and functions of the government management .
Chapter VII of the conclusions and deficiencies of this article, analyzes and summarizes
the conclusions of this study. Also pointed out the deficiencies of the creation of this
article.
Key words: commercial real estate; development and operation mode; Wanda Group;
Ruian real estate
1.绪论
1.1研究背景及意义
1998年国务院取消福利分房制度之后,住宅地产迎来十几年的快速发展,高
利润、低风险使住宅地产成为各欧亿·体育(中国)有限公司的新宠,实力强的民企和国企纷纷涉足住宅
地产开发。据统计,2003年初住宅价格为普通家庭年收入的15倍,房价在居民
能够承受的合理区间内;随后北京、上海等一线城市房价开始大幅上涨,房价为普
通家庭年收入的1H5倍,严重扭曲的房价泡沫使住宅地产市场前景堪忧。2005
年之后,中央政府开始把稳定房价作为第一要务。在住宅地产泡沫逐渐膨胀的情况
下,2010年国家针对住宅地产出台更加严厉的宏观调控措施,这为商业地产的再次
快速发展提供契机。
20世纪80年代至90年代,商业地产形态是由各地政府建设的百货大楼或露天
市场或临街店面,商业地产是住宅的附庸品[11。进入21世纪,特别是中国加入
世贸组织之后,商业地产资金的投入比重陡增,2005年前由于商业地产的盲目开发,
国家开始出台调控政策。但是,在2007年之后,商业地产对社会国民经济的拉动
作用得到充分体现,一个成功的商业项目不仅可以提高当地财政收入和税收收入,
还可以提高一定的就业岗位,受到地方政府的追捧,成为拉动内需和保持国民经济
健康稳定发展的重要支撑点,特别是在2010年以后,商业地产的发展再次提速。
但是,由于目前国内外还没有系统的理论研究来支撑商业地产的幵发运营全过程,
导致商业地产开发商面临着两难局面。一方面,开发商由于自身资金薄弱,用于商
业地产开发的资金大部分依靠银行贷款,而自营物业资金回收期长,无法全部持有
物业进行长期经营,只能全部出售物业或部分出售物业以实现资金快速回笼。另一
方面,商业地产具有总价高、风险大特点,中小投资者无法接手整体商业物业,开
发商只能分割出售,这就造成后期商业管理困难,开发商的中长期效益受损[2]。
商业地产的快速发展,使得我们对商业地产幵发运营模式的研究具有重大意义。
首先,近年我国房地产欧亿·体育(中国)有限公司发展迅速,逐渐成为社会经济发展的支柱产业。一
方面,商业地产关联性极强,能够带动多欧亿·体育(中国)有限公司共同发展,科学的商业地产开发运营
模式对GDP贡献值极大,是中央和地方政府拉动GDP的重要杀手锏;另一方面,
商业地产也具有社会属性,成功的商业项目是社会公共基础设施的一部分,能够提
高居民的生活质量,直接影响到居民幸福指数[3]。
其次,科学的商业地产开发运营模式是商业地产开发企业发展中的重要战略之
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