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日期:2022年 12月6日
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2022年 12月 6日
摘要
近年来由于我国电子商务的迅猛发展和各大电商的层出不穷,第三方支付平台
得到迅速发展的机会,业务范围不断扩张,消费者继而对支付手段的标准及水平产
生更高要求,特别在其安全性、快捷性和便利性等方面,由此以支付宝、微信和财
付通为代表的第三方支付企业也应运而生,以此来解决现行市场产生的多元化需求。
在历经了十余年的发展后,第三方支付平台的业务也逐渐走向成熟,其主要支付形
式包括互联网支付和移动支付,而且不仅仅局限于提供给消费者以简单的支付渠道,
并且还拓展了经营范围如支付结算、投资理财、网络信贷和信用支付等业务来满足
消费者的各种需求。
在我国金融和经济体系中,商业银行作为我国货币政策的主要传递者、国民经
济的调节者,一直占据着举足轻重的地位,第三方支付平台业务虽然起步较晚但近
年来规模扩张迅速,出现了多种增长点,因此这也倒逼传统商业银行不断更新升级
支付结算方式。我国商业银行中间业务相比于外国成熟的发展模式,无论是规模还
是质量,仍有很大距离,因此发展空间广阔。由于中间业务的发展状况对包括国有
商业银行、股份制银行、城商行在内的各类型商业银行的重要性在与日俱增。在第
三方支付平台的业务范围和目标客户与商业银行产生重叠的情况下,二者形成了相
互竞争的态势。
随着互联网的发展,因第三方支付平台在进行小额支付业务时具有便捷性和手
续费低的特征,同时广泛积累了用户基础,并通过这一业务,对商业银行的银行卡
业务造成挤占。其次,第三方支付平台在获得基金销售许可后,以低门槛的特点吸
引了众多用户,迅速挤压了商业银行代销理财业务。最后,第三方支付平台在经营
过程中,积累了大量资金,而根据央行规定必须在商业银行账户中存放备付金,因
此,商业银行中间业务的托管业务收入上升。但第三方支付平台是通过什么途径对
商业银行中间业务造成影响的?对不同类型商业银行的影响是否不同?
针对以上问题,本文在研究理论机制后进行了实证验证,整体探讨第三方支付
平台业务对商业银行中间业务收入的影响。首先,本文对第三方支付平台的现状和
发展历程以及商业银行中间业务的分类和现状等进行分析,并对比第三方支付平台
和商业银行发展的相对优势。其次,本文研究了第三方支付平台业务对商业银行中
间业务及各细分业务的影响方向和程度,同时,发现形成冲击的内在路径后提出三
个假设。再次,通过建立计量模型和实证分析,分别探讨了第三方支付平台业务对
商业银行总体中间业务及其细分业务的影响。再通过整理2010-2020年9家商业银
行的相关指标,实证分析第三方支付平台通过网银这一影响路径对商业银行中间业
务造成影响,在进行检验之后,发现这一影响路径确实存在。即第三方支付平台利
用自身优势,对银行客户进行分流,通过低价和便捷的特性占据了商业银行网银渠
道的用户,使银行中间业务收入降低。在实证分析中也发现,第三方支付平台通过
网银渠道对不同类型的商业银行会产生不同的影响。本文根据以上研究得到研究结
论,并针对银行提出优化服务、加强自身业务建设的建议。
关键词:第三方支付,商业银行,中间业务
I
Abstract
In recent years, due to the rapid development of Chinese e-commerce and the
endless stream of e-commerce, the third-party payment platform has been given the
opportunity to develop rapidly, and the scope of business continues to expand.
Consumers then have higher requirements on the standard and level of payment
means, especially in the aspects of its safety, speed and convenience. As a result, the
third-party payment enterprises represented by Alipay, wechat and Tenpay also
emerge at the historic moment to solve the diversified needs of the current market.
After more than ten years of development, the third-party payment platform, business
also gradually mature, the main form of payment, including the Internet and mobile
payment, but are not limited to provide consumers with simple pay channels, and
expand the scope of business, such as payment and settlement, finance and investment,
network business, such as credit and credit payment to meet the diverse needs of
consumers.
In the financial and economic system in our country, commercial Banks as the
main transmission of monetary policy in our country, the adjustment of the national
economy, has been occupying a pivotal position, the third-party payment platform
business though started late, has expanded rapidly in recent years, appeared a variety
of growth, so thisis also reversed transmission traditional commercial Banks
constantly updated payment settlement way. Compared with the mature development
mode of foreign countries, the middle business of Chinese commercial banks still has
a great distance, whether the scale or quality, so the space for development is broad.
Due to the development of intermediate business, the importance of various types of
commercial banks including state-owned commercial banks, joint-stock banks and
city commercial banks is increasing day by day. When the business scope and target
customers of the third-party payment platform overlap with commercial banks, the
two have formed a situation of competition with each other.
With the development of the Internet, the third-party payment platform has the
characteristics of convenience and low commission fee when conducting small
payment business, and has accumulated a wide range of user base. Through this
business, the bank card business of commercial banks has beencrowded out.
Secondly, after obtaining the fund sales license, the third-party payment platform
attracts many users with the characteristics of low threshold, rapidly squeezing the
financial services of commercial banks. Finally, the third-party payment platform has
accumulated a large amount of funds in the process of operation, and according to the
provisions of the central bank, it must deposit the provisions in the accounts of
commercial banks, so the income of the custody business of commercial banks'
intermediate business increases. But through what channels does the third-party
payment platform affect the intermediary business of commercial banks? Is the
impact on different types of commercial banks different?
In view of the above problems, this paper conducts empirical verification after
II