摘要
摘要
在中国与外国接壤的边境投资开发跨境经济区，属于我国企业开展对外直
接投资活动的一种新探索。截至2021年3月，围绕边境口岸地带，云南省建立
了4个国家级边境经济区、5个省级边境经济区，其中有7个经济区位于中缅边
境中方一侧。为响应和对接中国的边境经济区，缅甸政府也提出在中缅边境缅
方一侧建立3个边境经济区。YN集团基于自身发展需要，积极相应我国“一带
一路”倡议和建设中缅经济走廊发展规划，开展海外直接投资，在中缅边境建
立了保山-甘拜地边境经济区。
本研究以风险管理基本理论为基础，通过文献调查法、问卷调查法和访谈
法，调查了解了保山-甘拜地边境经济区项目实际情况。在此基础上，首先识别
出38项风险；其次，从宏观层、产业层、项目层构建风险模型并开展问卷调查
和访谈工作，在此基础上筛选识别19项重要风险；再次，使用模糊层次分析方
法建立保山-甘拜地边境经济区风险评价矩阵模型，邀请8位专家对识别出的主
要风险打分后进行评价，确定保山-甘拜地边境经济区的政权变动风险、法律体
系适应风险、税收风险、非政府组织带来的风险、产业政策风险、市场招商风
险较其他风险对项目的影响更重要；最后，根据模糊层次分析法评价结果，针
对重要风险提出了应对策略：一是构建企业风险管控框架体系，从企业层面将
保山-甘拜地边境经济区投资开发各方结合到一起形成利益共同体，明确各方权
责利，建立有效的招商和产业培育体系等方面应对风险，二是从政府层面实施
有针对性的政策措施，将保山-甘拜地边境经济区提升层级，列入国家级重点项
目，推动建立中国与缅甸、云南省与克钦邦、保山市与甘拜地多层级的沟通渠
道，促使双方分别出台投资促进政策，继续开展医疗援助等，促进项目实现高
质量发展。
从中缅政府初次提出合作建设边境经济区倡议以来历经30多年，截止目前
仅有YN集团保山-甘拜地边境经济区1个项目实现分别在中国和缅甸境内落地
建成，说明各方对投资中缅边境经济区项目持有审慎的态度。研究中缅保山-甘
拜地边境经济区风险对该经济区项目自身、对YN集团、对拟投资中缅边境经济
区的企业具有一定的启发意义。
I

摘要
关键词：YN集团；甘拜地边境经济区；风险管理；缅甸
II

Abstract
Abstract
The investment and development of cross-border economic zones on the border
between China and foreign countries is a new exploration for Chinese enterprises to
carry out foreign direct investment activities. As of March 2021, Yunnan Province has
established 4 national border economic zones and 5 provincial border economic zones
around the border port zone, of which 7 economic zones are located on the Chinese
side of the China-Myanmar border. In response to and docking with China's border
economic zone, the Myanmar government also proposed to establish three border
economic zones on the Myanmar side of the China-Myanmar border. Based on its
own development needs, YN Group actively responded to "One Belt, One Road"
initiative and the development plan for the construction of the China-Myanmar
Economic Corridor, carried out overseas direct investment, and established the
Baoshan-Gambaidi Border Economic Zone on the China-Myanmar border.
This research is based on the basic theory of risk management, through literature
survey method, questionnaire survey method and interview method, to investigate
and understand the actual situation of the Baoshan-Gambaidi border economic zone
project. On this basis, first identifying 38 risks; secondly building risk models from
the macro level, industry level, and project level, and carrying out questionnaire
surveys and interviews, and then screening and identifying 19 important risks on this
basis; third, using fuzzy levels analysis method to establish the risk evaluation matrix
model of Baoshan-Gambaidi border economic zone, invite 8 experts to evaluate the
main risks identified, and determine the risk of regime change, legal system
adaptation risk, Tax risks, risks brought by non-governmental organizations,
industrial policy risks, and market investment risks are more important than other
risks on the impact of the project; finally, based on the evaluation results of the fuzzy
analytic hierarchy process, countermeasures against important risks are proposed:
First, to build a company The risk management and control framework system
III
。。。以下略