当前，中小企业在我国经济发展和社会进步中扮演着越来越重要的角色。但长 期以来，中小企业融资难、贵、慢等问题已成为制约中小企业发展的瓶颈，成为社 会关注的焦点问题。在当前全国抗击新型肺炎的关键时期，我国经济形势受疫情影 响受到冲击，中小企业因自身抗风险能力偏弱，生存发展面临更大的挑战。国家已 出台一系列措施，支持中小企业复工复产，其中一条重要举措是要求商业银行加大 对中小企业信贷支持力度。目前，国内各家商业银行均已重视对中小企业信贷业务 的发展。从发展角度看，中小企业信贷业务是目前及未来商业银行信贷市场竞争的 重要业务，大力发展中小企业信贷业务是商业银行自身发展的内在需求。但长期以 来，因中小企业自身规模孝抗风险能力偏弱，贷款违约现象经常出现，中小企业 信贷资产不良率偏高一直是各家商业银行普遍面临的难题。疫情影响下，中小企业 授信风险集中暴露可能性进一步增大，信贷业务发展机遇与挑战并存。完善的中小 企业信贷风险管理体系是商业银行实现信贷业务健康发展的前提，同时也是商业银 行响应国家号召，加大对中小企业信贷支持力度的必要保障。 本文以B银行QD分行中小企业信贷风险管理为研究课题，深入开展研究。目前 相关研究成果以具体信贷风险因素分析、防范策略为主。因此，从商业银行自身角 度出发，建立和完善中小企业信贷风险管理体系成为重点。首先，本文对研究涉及 的理论基础进行概述，包括中小企业和信贷风险的概念，中小企业信贷风险成因及 分类、信贷风险管理理论、信息不对称理论、信贷配给理论、交易成本理论等，为 后面研究打下理论基矗其次，对分行中小企业信贷业务发展现状进行研究，将分 行中小企业信贷业务面临的主要风险划分为信用风险、市场风险、操作风险三种类 型，并从风险管理的风险识别、风险计量、风险分析与评价、风险管控四个关键环 节出发，对分行中小企业信贷风险管理的现状进行全面分析。采用中小企业不良授 信案例分析和访谈研究相结合的方式，发现分行目前中小企业信贷风险管理存在的 问题，并对问题产生的原因进行分析。笔者认为分行目前中小企业信贷风险管理主 要存在授信风险识别不足、风险计量需改善、风险管控不及时等问题，同时在考核 体系、业务创新方面也需进一步完善。最后，根据问题产生的原因，从全面提高信 贷风险管理水平、完善信贷考核体系、加大科技金融投入力度方面提出改善建议。 关键词：信贷风险管理；商业银行；中小企业 II StudyonSMEsCreditRisksManagementofBankBQDBranch Abstract Atpresent,smallandmedium-sizedenterprisesareplayinganincreasingly importantroleinChina'seconomicdevelopmentandsocialprogress.Butforalongtime, thefinancingofsmallandmedium-sizedenterprises（SMEs）isdifficult,expensive,slow andotherproblemshavebecomethebottleneckrestrictingthedevelopmentofSMEs, becomethefocusofsocialconcern.InthecurrentcriticalperiodofChina'sfightagainst thenovelpneumonia,China'seconomicsituationhasbeenimpactedbytheepidemic,and SMEsarefacinggreaterchallengesinsurvivalanddevelopmentduetotheirweakability toresistrisks.Thestatehasintroducedaseriesofmeasurestosupporttheresumptionof workandproductionofSMEs.Oneoftheimportantmeasuresistorequirecommercial BankstoincreasetheircreditsupporttoSMEs.Atpresent,domesticcommercialBanks haveattachedimportancetothedevelopmentofcreditbusinessforSMEs.Fromthe perspectiveofdevelopment,thecreditbusinessofSMEsisanimportantbusinessinthe creditmarketcompetitionofcommercialBanksatpresentandinthefuture,and vigorouslydevelopingthecreditbusinessofSMEsistheinternaldemandofthe developmentofcommercialBanks.However,foralongtime,duetothesmallsizeof SMEs,theirabilitytoresistrisksisweak,loandefaultsoftenoccur,andthehighratioof loanassetsofSMEshasbeenacommonproblemfacedbycommercialBanks.Underthe influenceoftheepidemic,thepossibilityofconcentratedexposuretocreditrisksofSMEs isfurtherincreased,presentingbothopportunitiesandchallengesforthedevelopmentof creditbusiness.AsoundcreditriskmanagementsystemforSMEsisaprerequisiteforthe healthydevelopmentofcreditbusinessofcommercialBanks,andalsoanecessary guaranteeforcommercialBankstorespondtothenationalcallandincreasetheircredit supporttoSMEs. ThispapertakesthecreditriskmanagementofSMEsinQDbranchofbankBasthe researchsubjectandcarriesoutin-depthresearch.Atpresent,therelevantresearchresults aremainlybasedontheanalysisofspecificcreditriskfactorsandpreventivestrategies. Therefore,fromtheperspectiveofcommercialBanksthemselves,theestablishmentand improvementofSMEscreditriskmanagementsystemhasbecomethefocus.Firstofall, III thispapersummarizesthetheoreticalbasisinvolvedintheresearch,includingtheconcept ofSMEssandcreditrisk,thecausesandclassificationofSMEscreditrisk,creditrisk managementtheory,informationasymmetrytheory,creditrationingtheory,transaction costtheory,etc.,tolayatheoreticalfoundationforthefollowingresearch.Second,the studyofthebranchcurrentsituationofthedevelopmentofSMEscreditbusiness,will faceoneofthemainbranchesofSMEscreditbusinessriskisdividedintocreditrisk, marketrisk,operationriskthreetypes,andtheriskmanagementofriskidentification,risk measurement,riskanalysisandassessment,riskcontrolfourkeylinksofthebranchesof thestatusquoofSMEscreditriskmanagementtoconductacomprehensiveanalysis.By meansofcaseanalysisandinterviewresearch,theproblemsexistinginthecreditrisk managementofSMEsinthebrancharefoundout,andthecausesoftheproblemsare analyzed.TheauthorbelievesthatthecurrentcreditriskmanagementofSMEsinthe branchmainlyhasproblemssuchasinsufficientcreditriskidentification,risk measurementneedstobeimproved,andriskcontrolisnottimely.Atthesametime,the assessmentsystemandbusinessinnovationalsoneedtobefurtherimproved.Finally, accordingtothecausesoftheproblems,Suggestionsareputforwardfromaspectsof comprehensivelyimprovingthecreditriskmanagementlevel,improvingthecredit assessmentsystemandincreasingtheinvestmentinscienceandtechnologyfinance. Keywords:RiskManagement;CommercialBanks;SMEs IV 目录 第1章绪论···1 1.1研究背景与意义·····1 1.1.1研究背景·····1 1.1.2研究意义·····2 1.2文献综述··2 1.2.1国外文献综述················2 1.2.2国内文献综述················5 1.2.3研究现状评价················6 1.3研究框架和方法·····6 1.3.1研究框架······7 1.3.2研究方法······8 1.4论文的创新点··········9 第2章中小企业信贷风险管理相关理论··············10 2.1主要概念·················10 2.1.1中小企业·····10 2.1.2风险的概念·················11 2.1.3信贷风险的概念········11 2.2中小企业信贷风险················12 2.2.1产生的原因12 2.2.2主要风险类型··············13 2.3信贷风险管理········14 2.3.1信贷风险管理环节····14 2.3.2信贷风险评估主要方法············15 2.2.3全流程信贷风险管理·················15 2.4其它主要理论········16 第3章B银行QD分行中小企业信贷风险管理····18 3.1信贷业务发展情况················18 3.2“信贷工厂”业务模式·····18 3.3中小企业信贷风险管理分析··············20 3.3.1风险识别·····21 3.3.2风险计量·····24 3.3.3风险分析与评价·········30 V 3.3.4风险管控·····32 第4章B银行QD分行中小企业信贷风险管理存在的问题···············35 4.1授信风险识别不足··············35 4.2风险计量需改善···40 4.3风险管控不及时···42 4.4考核体系“发展”与“管理”失衡43 4.5业务创新竞争力不足···········45 第5章B银行QD分行中小企业信贷风险管理措施建议··46 5.1全面提高信贷风险管理水平···············46 5.1.1营造良好风险管理文化氛围···46 5.1.2提高授信风险识别能力············46 5.1.3完善风险计量模型····51 5.1.4加强不良风险管控····53 5.2发挥考核积极引导作用······53 5.3加大科技金融投入力度······54 第6章研究结论与展望············55 6.1研究结论················55 6.2研究展望················55