从我国审判实践来看，我国法院裁判文书普遍存在着说理不充分、释法说理不到位、 裁判文书逻辑论证不足、罗列证据、填充裁判文书模板的问题。过去由于媒体不发达、信 息传播速度相对滞后,所以裁判文书缺少说理论证带来的社会影响并不明显。但是随着科 技的发展，信息的传播变得十分容易。也正是在时代发生巨变的背景下，法官裁判说理的 方法却大多没有改变。多数法官依旧采用简单的证据罗列，简单的法律条文罗列，最后得 出简单的裁判结果的判决方式。由此就导致网络上传播着一些社会舆论反映强烈，社会影 响较大的裁判文书。这些说理论证不足，甚至是说理论证内容存在错误的裁判文书，给司 法权威带了来了不小的影响。 2018 年最高人民法院出台了《最高人民法院关于加强和规范裁判文书释法说理的指导 意见》。《意见》进一步明确要求法官在裁判案件时，要构建起从法律到民众内心的“桥 梁”。而这座“桥梁”从国外经验来看就是裁判文书“说理论证”。 本篇报告在此基础上进行思考。在社会发生转型的背景之下，我们究竟需要什么样的 裁判文书，科学论证裁判文书对法官的要求是怎样的，法官科学论证裁判文书需要贯彻 怎样的法律原则，制度方面又需要为法官科学论证裁判文书提供怎样的制度保障， 本文主要由四部分构成。第一部分，从科学论证裁判文书的必要性几个方面展开来写， 主要包括时代和法治要求、法律法规要求、国外审判经验。三个方面论述法官科学论证裁 判文书的必要性。 第二部分，主要探究法官科学论证裁判文书的执业要求。主要从三方面展开来论述， 分别从判决理由和判决过程来看科学论证裁判文书对法官的要求；第二方面从判决结果上 看科学论证裁判文书对法官的要求；第三方面是从裁判文书整体来看科学论证裁判文书对 法官的要求。 第三部分，主要从法官科学论证裁判文书的可行性方面进行论述。主要包括法官在裁 判文书中要彰显“根据”与“准绳”的论证技术。其中又包括“以事实为根据，以法律为 准绳”是裁判论证的基本原则；从案件事实到法律事实的认知路径；从法律文本到裁判规 范的确定方法；“事实”与“法律”的“眼光之往返流转”；传统论证方式与现代论证方 式等五方面。 第四部分，主要从制度方面谈法官科学论证裁判文书的保障。主要基于现阶段，我国 正在进行的司法改革，新的制度要为法官科学论证裁判文书提供良好的制度保障。分别从II 案件的繁简分流、以审判为中心的谁审判谁负责的制度、对法官的考核标准、法官职业技 能培训、以及营造良好的法官执业环境五个方面展开。这些制度将为法官能够科学论证裁 判文书提供可靠的制度保障。 徒法不足以自行，现阶段我们国家已经基本实现了有法可依。法律制定出来需要良好 的执行。需要把纸面上的法律转变成能解决现实问题的法律，即人们常说的“行动中的法 律”。使纸面上的法律变成“行动中的法律”这项工作要比制定法律更加困难。法官科学 论证裁判文书，就是要将纸面上的法律和现实案件相结合从而得出裁判结果。法官需要贯 彻“以事实为根据，以法律为准绳”的裁判原则。同时法院也要为法官提供一个稳定的、 良好的生活学习和办案条件。使法官可以一心一意专注于案件矛盾的解决，以构建一个民 主法治文明和谐的社会环境。 关键词，裁判文书，说理论证，逻辑推理，裁判文书改革，制度保障III ABSTRACT From the perspective of the trial practice in China, there are many problems in the judgment documents in our country, such as insufficient reasoning, insufficient interpretation, insufficient logical argumentation, listing of evidence and filling in the template of judgment documents. In the past, due to the underdeveloped media, the speed of information dissemination is relatively lagging behind. Therefore, the judgment documents lack reasoning and argumentation, and the social impact is not obvious. But with the development of science and technology, the spread of information becomes very easy. It is also in the context of great changes in The Times that the judge's reasoning methods are mostly unchanged. Most judges still use a simple list of evidence, a simple list of legal provisions, and finally a simple judgment. As a result, some judgment documents with strong public opinion and great social influence are spread on the Internet. These argumentation insufficiency, even the argumentation content has the wrong judgment document, has brought to the judicial authority the not small influence. In 2018, the supreme people's court issued the guidance of the supreme people's court on strengthening and standardizing the interpretation and reasoning of judicial documents. The opinion further requires judges to build a bridge from the law to the hearts of the public when judging cases. And this bridge looks from abroad experience is judge document argumentation of reasoning. This paper is based on this thinking. In the context of social transformation, what kind of judgment documents do we needWhat are the requirements for judges in the judgment documents of scientific argumentationWhat legal principles should be implemented in the judgment documents of a judge's scientific argumentationWhat kind of system guarantee does the system need to provide for the judge's scientific argumentation judgment documentThis paper is mainly composed of four parts. The first part is about the necessity of judging documents from several aspects, including the requirements of The Times and the rule of law, the requirements of laws and regulations, and foreign trial experience. Three aspects discuss the necessity of the judge's scientific argumentation of the judgment document. The second part mainly explores the practice requirements of judges scientific argumentation of judgment documents. Mainly from three aspects to discuss, respectively fromIV the reasons for the judgment and the judgment process from the perspective of scientific argumentation of the judge's document requirements; The second aspect from the judgment result looks at the scientific demonstration judgment document to judge's request; The third aspect is from the judgment document overall view the scientific demonstration judgment document to judge's request. The third part mainly discusses the feasibility of the judge's scientific argumentation. It mainly includes the argumentation techniques of the judge to highlight basis and criterion in the judgment documents. It also includes that taking facts as the basis and law as the criterion is the basic principle of judging arguments. The cognitive path from case fact to legal fact; From the legal text to the determination method of the judgment norm; Fact and law of the vision of the circulation; There are five aspects of traditional and modern argumentation. The fourth part mainly discusses the system guarantee of the judge's scientific argumentation. Based on the current judicial reform in China, the new system should provide a good institutional guarantee for judges to scientifically demonstrate and judge documents. It is divided into five aspects: the complicated and simple cases are separated, the trial-centered system of who is in charge of who is in charge of the trial, the evaluation standard for judges, the professional skill training for judges, and the good practice environment for judges. These systems will provide a reliable institutional guarantee for judges to scientifically demonstrate judicial documents. The law is not enough to act on its own. Laws are made and need to be well enforced. Laws on paper need to be transformed into laws that solve real problems, what is often called law in action. Making laws on paper laws in action is harder than making them. The judge scientific argumentation judgment document, is must on the paper law and the reality case unifies thus obtains the judgment result. Judges should not only implement the principle of taking facts as the basis and law as the criterion. At the same time, the court should also provide judges with a stable and good living and learning conditions and case handling. So that the judge can be single-minded focus on the resolution of contradictions in the case, in order to build a democratic rule of law civilized harmonious social environment. Key words: judgment documents, reasoning, logical reasoning, reform of judgment documents, system guarantee.I 目录 摘要 ........................................................... I ABSTRACT...........................................................................................................III 一、裁判文书科学论证的必要性 .................................... 1 （一）从满足时代