稠油油藏热采开发在国内已有 20 多年的生产科研实践，辽河、胜利、新疆等油田 应用较早，大庆油田还是刚刚起步，在总结吸收国内外各油田蒸汽驱热采经验的基础上， 从 2004 年 8 月开始，黑帝庙油田开始了蒸汽驱的先导试验，通过几年来稠油开发现场 实验，初步取得了稠油油藏描述、物理模拟和数值模拟研究、稠油油藏注蒸汽开发配套 技术等多方面的技术成果。 本文主要研究内容包括，一是通过开展稠油蒸汽驱物理模拟试验研究，测试出了岩 石、原油各项物性参数及储层敏感性特点；二是通过渗透率试验和驱油效率试验，取得 了不同热采温度条件下，原油粘度、渗透率、驱油效率的变化规律。三是通过开展蒸汽 驱开发数值模拟实验，对多年来热采生产动态进行了历史拟合；对蒸汽驱合理井网、井 距进行了研究；对注汽强度、井底蒸汽干度、采注比等注入参数进行了优选；对油层射 开厚度、转驱时机、汽驱结束方式等操作条件进行了优化。四是对解决稠油蒸汽驱开发 过程中的汽窜、套变、出砂和受效不均的问题提出了相应的工艺措施。 通过对以上问题的研究，逐步形成黑帝庙稠油油藏蒸汽驱开发的成套技术，多年的 理论研究与现场实践证明了黑帝庙稠油油藏蒸汽驱开发的可行性，为黑帝庙稠油大面积 蒸汽驱开发、高效利用大庆油田稠油资源提供技术支持。 关键词，稠油蒸汽驱开发，物理模拟，数值模拟，注汽速率，蒸汽干度，注入压力， 汽窜，套变Study on the feasibility of Heidimiao heavy oil steam drive deveopment ABSTRACT Development of heavy oil thermal recovery has existed for more than 20 years in the domestic production and research. Oilfield such as Liaohe, Shengli, Xinjiang have applied this techenology earlier, while Daqing oil field has just begin to apply it. On the basis of concluding domestic and international experience on steam drive thermal recovery of oil field, in October 2007, Daqing Heidimiao oil field began the pilot test of steam drive technology. Heidimiao’s heavy oil reservoir is generally shallow and thin, thus makes thermal recovery difficult. Over years of experiment on heavy oil development, the characterization of heavy oil reservoir, physical and numerical simulation, heavy oil steam injection technology, and many other supporting technological achievements have been made. This paper mainly studies the following aspects: First, study the technology boundaries of Heidimiao heavy oil steam drive by developing physical simulation study through steam drive and gain the basic parameters of rock, oil and displacement. Second, predict the effect of Heidimiao heavy oil steam drive development through numerical simulation of steam flooding, different steam injection phase, temperature and oil saturation field variation. Third, solve problems such as steam breakthrough, cover change, sand flow and uneven effect during the heavy oil steam drive process through study on steam flooding technology, optimal completion, perforating, sand control and profile control and other operating conditions. Through the study of the above problem, we can have a clear understanding of the feasibility of Heidimiao heavy oil steam drive technology and form sets of technology of Heidimiao heavy oil steam drive development, thus provide critical technical support for effective development of the Daqing oil field resources. Keywords: heavy oil steam drive, physical simulation, numerical simulation, injection rate, steam quality, injection pressure, steam breakthrough, set variable创新点摘要 本文主要研究的是黑帝庙稠油蒸汽驱开发的可行性，其创新点如下， 1．在大庆油田最先开展了稠油开发物理模拟试验研究，获取了黑帝庙油田原油和 岩石物性参数，并通过渗透率试验和驱油效率试验，证明了黑帝庙稠油油藏热采开发的 可行性。 2．利用物理模拟取得的油藏地质参数建立起数值模拟模型，率先开展了稠油蒸汽 驱开发数值模拟实验，对黑帝庙油田蒸汽驱试验注入参数和其他操作条件进行了优选， 同时对多年来热采生产动态进行历史拟合和预测，进一步证明了黑帝庙油田蒸汽驱开发 的可行性。目 录 摘要 ABSTRACT 创新点摘要 前 言........................................................................................................................................1 第一章 黑帝庙稠油油藏概况..................................................................................................2 1.1 地理位置及开发概况 .......................................................................................................................... 2 1.1.1 地理位置........................................................................................................................................ 2 1.1.2 开发概况........................................................................................................................................ 2 1.2 储层沉积特征 ...................................................................................................................................... 3 1.3 储层分布、地层流体物性 .................................................................................................................. 4 1.3.1 储层分布....................................................................................................................................... 4 1.3.2 储层物性....................................................................................................................................... 4 1.3.3 油藏压力、温度........................................................................................................................... 5 1.3.4 油藏流体性质............................................................................................................................... 5 1.4 油藏类型 .............................................................................................................................................. 6 1.5 葡浅 12 区块地质储量 ........................................................................................................................ 6 第二章 早期蒸汽吞吐效果评价..............................................................................................7 2.1 基础井网蒸汽吞吐开发效果分析 ...................................................................................................... 7 2.2 加密调整井网蒸汽吞吐开发效果分析 .............................................................................................. 7 2.3 浅 12 区块早期蒸汽吞吐开发综合评价 ............................................................................................ 8 第三章 物理模拟实验研究......................................................................................................9 3.1 黑帝庙稠油主要物理特征研究 .......................................................................................................... 9 3.1.1 样品描述....................................................................................................................................... 9 3.1.2 原油样品特性分析 ....................................................................................................................... 9 3.1.3 岩石、原油热参数测试结果 ..................................................................................................... 10 3.1.4 储层敏感性分析......................................................................................................................... 11 3.2 不同温度条件下油水、油汽相对渗透率变化实验......................................................................... 11 3.2.1 试验过程..................................................................................................................................... 11 3.2.2 试验结果分析............................................................................................................................. 13 3.3 驱油效率实验研究 ............................................................................................................................ 18 3.3.1 试验过程..................................................................................................................................... 18 3.3.2 试验结果分析............................................................................................................................. 19 第四章 油藏工程研究..........................................................................................................