摘要 知识经济时代,企业最具价值的资源不是财务资本而是智力资本智力 资本不仅是企业获取持续竞争优势的关键所在,而且也是企业未来创新和利 润增长的主要驱动因素,人们越来越多地关注智力资本信息的披露因此, 在会计报告时,应将智力资本纳入报告体系,客观真实的反映其价值 自1994年Skandia公司公布第一份智力资本报告以来,智力资本理论与 实践应用有了飞速的发展到目前为止,国外己有250多个公司每年公布智 力资本报告然而在我国,智力资本报告的研究还很少,仍处于起步阶段, 智力资本信息披露的现状不容乐观,企业只是在年度财务报告中披露了某些 智力资本要素,并没有对智力资本进行专门报告作者在借鉴国外的先进研 究成果的基础上,结合我国的实际情况,对我国上市公司的智力资本信息披 露的现状进行研究,分析智力资本报告在我国的可行性,为我国智力资本报 告指明方向 作者从以下方面展开了对我国智力资本报告的探讨: 1!智力资本报告的必要性研究智力资本报告是知识经济时代的必然产 物,可一以弥补传统财务会计报告的不足,是出于对外披露和刘一内管理的需要 2!对智力资本!智力资本报告的理论基础进行研究,为研究采用的智力 资本的定义!分类!假设等奠定理论基础 3!概括目前我国企业年报中披露的智力资本信息内容结合中国_匕1丁公 司智力资本信息披露的现状,总结出中国目前的智力资本信息!披露的要素描摘要 述性研究框架 4!分析智力资本报告在我国应用的可行性作者利用研究的智力资本框 架,使用内容分析法对样本和模型进行了描述性统计!均值分析!相关性! 多元回归等统计分析,寻找中国企业智力资本披露的证据 5!对我国智力资本报告的运用提出了一些合理化的建议 研究主要采用了理论研究与实证研究相结合!定性研究和定量研究相结 合!文献研究和对比研究等研究方法 文章的创新之处在于: !总结了目前我国上市公司年报中智力资本信息披露的要素描述性枢 架 !利用内容分析法,定量地对我国智力资本的披露现状进行了分析 !利用国外的研究模型,通过多元回归和相关性分析等统计分析方法, 定量的得出我国企业智力资本信息披露与我国上市公司市值的关系 关键词智力资本;智力资本报告;会计报表规范;知识管理;内容分析法 了.Abstraet AbstraCt Intoday.5knowledge一basedeeonomy,themostvaluableresoureeinthe eomPany15notthefinancialeapitalbuttheintellectualeaPital(IC).IC15notonly thekeymethodtheeomPanyusestogainthesustainingeomPetitiveadvantage, butalsothekeydrivingfactorfortheeomPany.5innovationandProfitgrowth PeoPlebeeomemoreandmoreeareaboutthediselostlreoftheICinformation. Therefore,weshouldineludetheICintherePortsystemwhenrePortingtorefleet therealvalueofthecomPany. Sinee1994,SkandiaComPanyissuedthefirstintelleetualcaPitalrePort (ICR),boththetheoryand即plicationofIChasmadeahugeprogress.Until now,thereareabout250eomPaniesabroadPublishtheICRannually.However, theresearehofICRinChina15stillinthebeginningstage.Thestatus15not optimistie一一onlyrePortsomeICfactorsintheannualfinaneialstatements,and noeomPanysPeeiallyPublishedtheICR.Onthebasisofutilizingtheadvaneed researchfruitsofforeigneountries,theauthorstudiestheeurrenteonditionofIC informationdisclosureoftheChina.5listcomPaniesandanalyzesthefeasibility ofICRinaeeordaneewiththePracticalsituationsinChinatogiveguidaneefor China,5ICRresearch. AuthorstartstudyfromthefollowingasPeets: Thefirstreseareh15tostudytheneeessityofICR.ICR15theessential 川 鑫Abstract ,二二二竺二巴二二二二巴二巴二二 Produetoftheknowledge一basedeeonomy.Itcanoffsettheshorteomingsofthe traditionalfinaneialstatementsandeanfulfilltheneedsoftheexternaldiselosure andtheinternalmanagement. Theseeondreseareh15tostudythebasictheoriesoftheICandtheICRto laythetheoreticalfoundationofthedissertationintheasPeetsoftheIC.s definition,elassifieationandhyPothesisete. Thethirdreseareh15tosummarizetheeontentoftheICinformation diselosedintheannualrePortofChina.Thestudy15aimedtodeveloPa deseriPtiveframeworkoftheeomPonentsofICdiselosedintheannualrePortof China. Thefourthresearch15toanalyzethefeasibilityoftheapPlieationofICRin China.AuthorusethedeseriPtiveframeworkofICandstatistieanalysis,suehas deseriPtivestatisties,analysisofmeans,eorrelativeanalysis,multi一regression analysisete.,tofindtheevidenceofICdiselosureofChina.5eomPanies. Thefifthresearch15toworkoutsomerationaladvisesfortheaPPlieationof ICRinChina. ThedissertationadoPtstheresearehmethodsastheeombiliationof theoretiealandemPiricalreseareh,thecombinationofqualitativeandquantitative analysis,literaturestudyandeomParativestudyete. Thedissertation,5innovationsareasfollows: Thefirstinnovation15summarizingadeseriPtiveframeworkofthe eomPonentsofICintheannualrePortofChina. IV 7Abstr即t Theseeondinnovation15analyzingtheeurrentsituationofICdiselosurein Chinaquantitativelybyusingthemethodofeontentanalysis. Thethirdinnovation15showingthequantitativeeffectfortheICdiselosure onmarketeapitalizationofChina.5listeomPaniesbyusingtheforeignstudy modelandthestatistiemethodssuchasthemulti一regressionandeorrelative analysisetc. Keywordsintelleetualeapital:intellectualeaPitalrePort;finaneialstatements regulation;knowledgemanagement;contentanalysis V 穿摘要.................,...........................................................................................I Abstract...................................................................................,.................1工I 第1章绪论..................................................................,...........#.1 1.1课题背景..............................................................................,#...1 1.2智力资本报告的研究意义和必要性分析...........................................2 1.2.1知识经济下智力资本的表现.....,.........................2 1.2.2现有财务会计报告的不足....................................................,.4 1.2.3智力资本报告的需求分析.......,..........................................4 1.3当前智力资本报告研究存在的问题..............................................,.,6 1.4本文的内容框架...................................#7 1.5研究方法..................................,..........................................,8 第2章智力资本基本理论...............,....................................................10 2.1智力资本理论的起源与发展.................................,.....................10 2.1.1经济学理论中对经济发展源泉的探索历程...........................,二10 2.1.2企业竞争优势理论的回顾...........................................,.........11 2.2智力资本的含义................................................#13 2.2.1从智力资本作用角度定义智力资本.........................................13 2.2.2从智力资本组成成分角度定义智力资本..................,.........14 2.3智力资本的构成..................................................#.#一15 2.3.1智力资本基本理论流派介绍............,...................................15 2.3.2智力资本构成分析...............................................,................18 2.4国内智力理论产生与发展......,............,................................份 2.5本章小结....................................................,..................................19 第3章智力资本报告相关研究与应用......................................................21 3.1智力资本报告应用情况概述..........................................................21 3.1.1国外智力资本报告应用的现状.............................................,.,21 3.1.2国外智力资本报告模型介绍..............,.........,................22 3.1.3国外典型企业智力资本报告模式................................24 3.1.4国外典型企业智力资本报告的特点分析二,............,........28 3.2国外智力资本报告规范分析......................................................,.,29 乍目录 一二=====二二二二二二二二二 3.2.1Meritum指南........,.................................................................30 3.2.2DMSTI指南.........................,......,....................................30 3.2.3Meritum指南和DMSTI指南间的差异分析..............................31 3.3国内智力资本报告的研究现状.........................................................33 3.4本章小结....,.......................................,....................................33 第4章研究假设.,..................................................................................34 4.1研究采用的智力资本定义................................................................34 4.2研究采用的智力资本分类方法,.................................................34 4.2.1内部资本....................................................................................