为了改善室内的空气品质和减少室内污染物,建筑物一般都会要求一定的 通风量。对于地下停车场而言,由于其较普通居室增加了车辆尾气的排放污染, 所以更应该关注其通风情况。商业用地下停车场已经有通风量的确定标准。但 居民区地下停车场与商业地下停车场有着显著不同的停车规律。通风量需求量 是多少;在严寒地区是否可以用自然通风替代或部分替代机械通风,这些都是 需要关注的问题。 本文选取了哈尔滨地区某居民区地下停车场进行现场测试,得到了室内外 环境参数和通风口风速等现场的相关数据。通过分析通风量的影响因素,发现 地下停车场的通风情况与其车辆进出口的开启状态有很大关系。对于在不同位 置分别设置了进出口通道的停车场来说,可以通过调节进出口通道的开合来调 节自然通风量。根据在测试条件下得到的数据:在单独开启单个开口时,是热 压作用自然通风,通风量可达到 5106.11~9340.60 m3/h ,对应换气次数在 0.17~0.31 次/h;在同时开启双侧通道的情况下,是风压作用起到自然通风的主 要动力,通风量可达到 17556.74~60237.78 m3/h,对应换气次数在 0.58~1.99 次 /h。本文通过将理论推导的公式与实测结果的拟合结果对比得到相应情况下的 实际自然通风量的计算公式。 另外,以 CO 浓度为评价的指标,给出了满足要求的通风量,对现有严寒 地区居民区地下停车场而言,在平峰时自然通风量可以较好的满足需求,在车 辆通行高峰时期需要采用相应手段来满足自然通风的不足。 关键词:地下停车场;自然通风;居民区;风压;热压 哈尔滨工业大学工学硕士学位报告 - II - Abstract In order to improve indoor air quality and reduce indoor pollutants, buildings usually require a certain amount of ventilation.For underground parking lot, due to its increased vehicle exhaust emissions than the common room, it should be concerned more about the ventilationmercial underground car park has criteria for determining the ventilation rate.But residential underground parking lot and commercial underground parking lot equip with significantly different traffic law.People concern about the problem that the ventilation rate of demand and if natural ventilation can substitute or partial substitute for mechanical ventilation in cold areas. In this article, the author selected an underground car park in residential area in Harbin, monitoring indoor and outdoor environmental parameters and vents wind speed.Analyzing the influencing factors of the ventilation rate, we found the ventilation of the underground parking lot have strong relationship with their vehicle import and export open. For the parking lot setting up import and export channels in different locations it can adjust the import and export channel opening and closing to regulate the natural ventilation rate.Separating open a single opening, hot pressing play the great role of natural ventilation, the ventilation rate can be achieved 5106.11 ~ 9340.60 m3/ h, corresponding to the number of ventilators in the 0.17 to 0.31 times / h.In the case of opening bilateral channels, the main driving force of natural ventilation is the wind pressure, the ventilation rate can be achieved 17556.74 ~ 60237.78 m3/ h, corresponding to the number of ventilators in the 0.58 to 1.99 times / h.In this paper, through the comparison of the theoretical derivation of the formula and the fitting results of the experimental results we get the formula to figure out the actual amount of natural ventilation in the corresponding case. In addition, by evaluating the CO concentration the paper gives the amount of ventilation to meet the requirements. For underground parking lot in residential area on the existing cold area, the natural ventilation rate in the flat can meet the needs well, during the peak period need to we need adopt the appropriate means to meet the shortage of natural ventilation. Keywords: underground parking lot, natural ventilation, residential, wind pressure, stack pressure, 哈尔滨工业大学工学硕士学位报告 - III - 目 录 摘要 ..........................................................................................................................I ABSTRACT................................................................................................................ II 第 1 章 绪 论 ...........................................................................................................1 1.1 课题来源及研究的目的和意义 ................................................................. 1 1.1.1 课题来源.................................................................................................... 1 1.1.2 课题研究的目的........................................................................................ 1 1.1.3 课题研究的意义........................................................................................ 1 1.2 国内外研究现状........................................................................................ 2 1.2.1 国内研究现状............................................................................................ 2 1.2.2 国外研究现状............................................................................................ 3 1.3 本文的主要研究内容 ................................................................................ 5 第 2 章 现场调查测试方法 .......................................................................................7 2.1 测试目的................................................................................................... 7 2.2 测试对象................................................................................................... 7 2.3 测试方法................................................................................................... 8 2.3.1 测试仪器..................................................................................................... 8 2.3.2 测试方案..................................................................................................... 9 2.4 测试情况................................................................................................. 12 2.5 本章小结................................................................................................. 12 第 3 章 通风测试结果及分析 .................................................................................13 3.1 测试数据处理及误差分析 ....................................................................... 13 3.2 温度分布................................................................................................. 18 3.2.1 温度梯度分布.......................................................................................... 18 3.2.2 温度随时间的变化.................................................................................. 20 3.3 通风量 .................................................................................................... 21 3.2.1 单侧开口下的通风量.............................................................................. 21 3.2.2 双侧开口下的通风量.............................................................................. 25 3.4 本章小结 ................................................................................................. 29 第 4 章 通风量影响因素分析 .................................................................................31 4.1 自然通风的机理 ...................................................................................... 31 哈尔滨工业大学工学硕士学位报告 - IV - 4.1.1 热压作用自然通风.................................................................................. 31 4.1.2 风压作用自然通风.................................................................................. 34 4.1.3 热压和风压联合作用自然通风.............................................................. 38 4.2 理论计算与实测结果对比 ....................................................................... 39 4.2.1 热压作用自然通风.................................................................................. 39 4.1.2 风压作用自然通风.................................................................................. 41 4.3 自然通风量影响因素分析 ....................................................................... 42 4.3.1 单侧开口情况........................................................................................... 43 4.3.2 双侧开口情况................................