1 污泥臭氧氧化及其回流可行性研究 摘要 大量剩余污泥对生态环境构成了严重威胁，研究污泥减量在污水 处理领域中具有重要的意义，其中臭氧氧化是通过强化隐性生长方式 来实现污泥减量的一种有效污泥破解技术。 本报告对臭氧氧化污泥减量技术进行了试验研究和理论分析。首 先，考察了不同臭氧浓度（31.82mg/L、34.03mg/L、36.76mg/L）及臭 氧投加量（0.02～0.16gO 3 /gSS）对污泥性质的影响。结果表明，在 0.04～ 0.12gO 3 /gSS 的投加量范围内，△MLSS 增加速率较快，当 O 3 浓度为 34.03mg/L 和 36.76mg/L 时，△MLSS 分别达到 2042mg/L 和 2208mg/L， 而 VSS/SS 从初期的 0.75 下降到 0.60 左右；△SCOD 的变化也较为明 显，在各臭氧浓度条件下，当臭氧投加量为 0.12gO 3 /gSS 时，SCOD 分 别为初始值的 17.0、22.6 和 24.2 倍。由于在臭氧氧化过程中产生了乙 酸，随着臭氧投加量的增加，污泥混合液的 pH 值则从初始的 7.09 下 降至 5.61。 臭氧的氧化作用主要分为直接氧化及间接氧化作用，通过投加羟 基自由基捕获剂的对比试验，进一步探讨了臭氧氧化的作用机理。发 现在 34.03mg/L 的臭氧浓度下，臭氧直接氧化反应和羟基自由基间接 反应分别为△SCOD 的增加贡献了 51.2%和 48.8%。同时，以液相△ SCOD 溶出量为因变量 y，臭氧投加量 Q 及其浓度 c 为自变量，建立了 污泥臭氧破解模型 1.840 1.35 3.34 y eQ c ，实测值和模型预测值的拟合浙江工业大学硕士学位报告 摘要 2 呈现了较好的相关性，R 2 达到了 0.9151，表明用该模型来描述臭氧氧 化污泥减量过程较为准确。 通过臭氧氧化污泥上清液的反硝化试验，考察了其回流生化系统 的可行性。结果表明，臭氧氧化污泥上清液中，43.02%的碳源能够被 用于反硝化反应，但当 C/N 比较低时，即在 C/N=7.1 的条件下 NO 2 - 浓 度有所上升。最后，通过对污泥臭氧化过程中各影响因素的分析，提 出了回流指数 X（ ），利用该指数可定性判断臭氧氧化 污泥回流处理系统的可行性。 关键词，污泥减量，隐性生长，臭氧氧化，污泥回流 N 2 SCOD = N COD X 浙江工业大学硕士学位报告 摘要 3 Study on Activated Sludge Reduction by Ozonation and Feasibility of Ozonated Sludge Recirculation ABSTRACT A large number of excess sludge poses a serious threat to the ecological environment. Research on sludge reduction technologies plays an important role in wastewater treatemnt in our country, in which ozonation technology is an effective method for excess sludge reduction based on the enhanced cryptic growth way. In this study, experimental research and theoretical analysis on sludge reduction by ozonation were conducted. The influence of different ozone concentration with 31.82mg/L, 34.03mg/L, 36.76mg/L and dosage in a range of 0.02-0.16gO 3 /gSS on the sludge properties was evaluated and the result showed that in ozone dosage range of 0.04-0.12gO 3 /gSS, with the increase of ozone dosage, △ MLSS and △ MLVSS had significant elevations, in which △MLSS reached 2042mg/L and 2208mg/L with the ozone concentration of 34.03mg/L and 36.76mg/L, respectively. However, VSS/SS decreased from 0.75 to around 0.60. The variation of △SCOD was also obvious with the ozone dosage, and under each ozone concentration, values of SCOD were 17.0, 22.6 and 24.2 times higher than the original ones with the same ozone dosage of 0.12gO 3 /gSS. Due to acetic acid mainly produced during the ozonation process, pH value of the浙江工业大学硕士学位报告 摘要 4 sludge reduced from 7.09 to 5.61. The mechanism of ozonation process was further explored through adding hydroxyl radical scavenger. It was indicated from the comparative tests that under the neutral condition coupled with the ozone concentration of 34.03mg/L, direct oxidation by ozone and indirect reaction by hydroxyl radical contributed to the increase of △SCOD by 51.2% and 48.8%, respectively. Meanwhile, the model of sludge reduction by ozone was established and validated, which was 1.840 1.35 3.34 y eQ c , with ozone dosage and concentration as the independent variables, and △SCOD as dependent variable. The results showed that there was a good correlation between the test data and predicted data by this model with R 2 of 0.9151, which could be applied to describe the sludge reduction process by ozone well. The denitrification experiments with sludge supernatant by ozonation were carried out and its feasibility of recirculation to the biological treatment process was also discussed. It was found that 43.02% of carbon source from sludge supernatant by ozonation could be used for denitrification, while the increase of NO 2 - concentration occurred at low C/N ratio of 7.1 in this process. Furthermore, based on the analysis of above influencing factors in the sludge reduction process by ozone, the feasibility of ozonated sludge recirculation to the biological treatment system could be determined qualitatively through the recirculation index X,浙江工业大学硕士学位报告 摘要 5 which was described as followed, . KEY WORDS，sludge reduction，cryptic growth，ozonation，sludge recirculation 2 N SCOD X= N COD 浙江工业大学硕士学位报告 目录 i 目 录 第 1 章 绪 论............................................................................................................. 1 1.1 污泥处理处置问题的产生.................................................................................... 1 1.2 污泥减量原理及技术............................................................................................ 3 1.2.1 隐性生长 ........................................................................................................ 3 1.2.2 代谢解偶联 .................................................................................................... 5 1.2.3 生物捕食 ........................................................................................................ 6 1.3 臭氧氧化污泥减量技术........................................................................................ 8 1.3.1 臭氧基本性质 ................................................................................................ 8 1.3.2 氧化反应机理 ................................................................................................ 8 1.3.3 臭氧氧化污泥减量研究现状 ...................................................................... 10 1.3.4 臭氧氧化污泥减量技术特点 ...................................................................... 12 1.4 研究目的、内容与技术路线.............................................................................. 13 1.4.1 研究目的 ...................................................................................................... 13 1.4.2 研究内容 ...................................................................................................... 13 1.4.3 技术路线 ...................................................................................................... 14 第 2 章 试验材料与分析方法................................................................................... 15 2.1 试验材料.............................................................................................................. 15 2.1.1 试验污泥 ...................................................................................................... 15 2.1.2 试验仪器 ...................................................................................................... 15 2.1.3 试验试剂 ...................................................................................................... 15 2.2 试验装置.............................................................................................................. 16 2.3 分析方法.............................................................................................................. 17 2.3.1 臭氧浓度的测定及臭氧投加量的计算 ...................................................... 17 2.3.2 污泥氧化破解效果的表征 .......................................................................... 18 2.3.3 常规项目分析方法 ...................................................................................... 18 2.3.4 挥发性脂肪酸（VFA）的测定 .................................................................. 19浙江工业大学硕士学位报告 目录 ii 第 3 章 臭氧氧化污泥性质的变化研究................................................................... 21 3.1 试验方法.......................................................................................................