摘要
随着工业企业从“制造”走向“智造”，以 80 后、90 后为代表的新生代外来务
工人员逐渐成为加快我国城市建设、推进经济社会发展的主力军。相比于第一代
农民工，他们在刻苦耐劳、原乡认同、受教育程度、外出诉求和消费观念等方面
都发生了很大变化，而企业依然运用原来的管理模式对他们进行管理，导致他们
工作积极性不高，流失率很高。因此，只有探索他们需要的特点，进而分析他们
独特的主导需要，才能实施具有针对性的激励

杭州经济技术开发区大力实施“工业兴区”战略，聚集了一大批世界知名跨国
企业，吸引了大量的 80 后、90 后外来务工人员，他们的激励问题也显得尤为突
出。因此，本文在梳理相关文献的基础上，对 860 位新生代外来务工人员五个层
次的需要满意度和重要性展开调查问卷。分析结果显示，80 后、90 后外来务工
人员的初级需要与高级需要并存，但其侧重点不同，需要层次存在着显著差异；
生理需要、安全需要等低层次的需要是 80 后外来务工人员的主导需要，自我实
现、尊重等高层次需要是 90 后外来务工人员的主导需要；并且 80 后、90 后外
来务工人员的五个层次需要在性别、婚姻状况、用工形式、外出务工时间等方面
存在一定的差异

基于数据分析结果，本文首先构建了需要矩阵，将 80 后、90 后外来务工人
员的需要分为既重要又满意的明星需要、重要不满意的问题需要、既不重要也不
满意的瘦狗需要和不重要但满意的金牛需要等四种类型。其次，进一步证明了外
来务工人员需要还与他们所处的时代有关。最后，分别针对外来务工人员群体、
80 后外来务工人员和 90 后外来务工人员从用工企业、外来务工人员自身两个方
面，探讨提出了相应的措施。希望能在一定程度上，改善杭州经济技术开发区劳
动密集型企业在 80 后、90 后外来务工人员激励问题上所面临的困境，也为其他
地区或其他类型企业提供借鉴

关键词：需要层次理论；外来务工人员；80 后；90 后；激励浙江理工大学硕士专业学位论文
III
Abstract
Nowadays, Chinese industrial enterprises are improving their industrial level
from made in China to intelligent manufacturing. Meanwhile, Post-80&39;s and
Post-90’s migrant workers ceaselessly pour into the city, the group which is the
representative of the generation of migrant workers now has become an important
force in the development of city construction and economy in our country. Compared
to the first generation of migrant workers, Post-80&39;s and Post-90’s migrant workers
have undergone great changes in the hardship bearing, local identity, education level,
outgoing motivation, consumption concept and other aspects. However, enterprises
still use the original management mode to manage them, which has caused low work
enthusiasm and high turnover rate. Thus, we need to implement targeted incentives on
the 80, 90’s migrant workers, according to their major and unique demand.
As an important industrial agglomeration area, Hangzhou economic and
technological development area has attracted many 80, 90’s migrant workers, while
their incentive problem becomes more prominent. In view of this, this paper
investigates 80, 90’s migrant workers about their satisfaction on five levels of needs
separately and collects 860 pieces of questionnaires based on the literature review.
The results of data analysis are shown as follows: firstly, the primary and advanced
needs of 80, 90’s migrant workers are coexisted, though 80, 90’s migrant workers lay
the emphasis differently. And there are significant differences in need level between
80’s migrant workers and 90’s migrant workers. Secondly, Post-80’s migrant workers’
dominant needs are physiological needs and safety needs, which are low level needs,
while Post-90’s are self-realization and respect needs. Thirdly, from the aspects of
gender, marital status, employment forms, work time, the difference in five levels of
needs between the 80’s and 90’s migrant workers diverse.
Based on the results of data analysis, this paper constructs need matrix and
divides 80, 90’s migrant workers’ needs into four types. Important and satisfactory
star needs, important but unsatisfied question mark needs, neither important nor
satisfactory dog needs, not important but satisfactory cash cow needs, respectively.
Then, the paper further proves that needs of migrant workers are related to the age
they are in. Finally, from the aspects of enterprise and migrant workers, corresponding
strategies are put forwarded for migrant workers groups, 80, 90’s migrant workers.浙江理工大学硕士专业学位论文
IV
Hope that the incentive problem for industrial enterprises in Hangzhou economic and
technological development zone will be improved to a certain extent, and also
provides a reference for other areas or enterprises.
Key Words: hierarchy of needs theory; migrant workers; Post-80&39;s; Post-90&39;s;
excitation浙江理工大学硕士专业学位论文
V
目录
摘要......3
Abstract.......... III
目录.....V
1 绪 论..1
1.1 研究背景与研究意义 .....1
1.1.1 研究背景 ...1
1.1.2 研究意义 ...1
1.2 主要研究内容 .....2
1.2.1 研究内容 ...2
1.2.2 研究目标 ...3
1.2.3 研究方法 ...3
1.3 重点、难点和创新点 .....3
1.3.1 重点 ...........3
1.3.2 难点 ...........4
1.3.3 创新点 .......4
1.4 基本框架 .4
2 文献综述 .......7
2.1 本文理论体系 .....7
2.1.1 研究对象的界定 ...7
2.1.2 激励与激励理论 ...9
2.1.3 需要层次理论 .....10
2.2 国内外研究动态 ........... 11
2.2.1 外来务工人员激励问题的相关研究 ..... 11
2.2.2 新生代外来务工人员激励问题的相关研究 .....13
2.3 小结 .......14
3 开发区外来务工人员需要层次问卷调查 .17
3.1 开发区及其外来务工人员概况 ...........17
3.2 问卷调查设计与实施 ...17
3.2.1 问卷设计 .17
3.2.2 问卷发放回收 ........
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