摘 要
随着经济全球化和贸易自由化的发展，国际间水产品贸易频繁，各种食品安全问题
不断出现，发达国家为保护本国消费者健康、保护本国市场实行了较为严格的水产品安
全标准，对我国的水产品出口贸易造成影响。水产品出口贸易是我国对外贸易的重要组
成部分，水产品出口总额稳居大宗农产品出口首位，贸易顺差稳居各种农产品首位。2013
年中国水产品出口总额首次突破 200 亿美元，连续 12 年位居全球首位。水产品出口贸
易的持续增长对我国国际贸易的稳步发展有着重要作用。我国对水产品主要出口市场日
本、美国、欧盟、韩国的出口集中度较高，2013 年对这四个市场的水产品出口额占我国
水产品出口总额的 53.3%，上述国家或地区食品安全标准的制定和调整，对我国水产品
出口的影响比较大。对以上国家或地区与水产品有关的食品安全标准进行研究，将有助
于我国企业提升产品品质，以符合发达国家食品安全标准的要求，减少这些标准对我国
水产品出口的不利影响；学习借鉴发达国家经验，有利于我国完善水产品有关的食品安
全标准，健全法律体系，促进水产品出口贸易长期稳定持续发展

本文在大量阅读文献、整合欧亿·体育（中国）有限公司的基础上，将定性分析和定量研究相结合，通过理
论分析、现状分析、对比分析和引力模型的实证分析，得出了一些研究结论。食品安全
标准对我国水产品出口贸易的影响是双重的，在短期会阻碍我国水产品出口，但从长远
来看有利于我国水产品出口贸易的持续健康发展。当进口国一项食品安全标准修订调整
后，我国对该国的水产品出口会明显减少，在一段时期后当我国水产品达到该标准的要
求，水产品出口将逐渐恢复。引力模型的分析得出，日、美、欧、韩等进口国家的食品
安全标准越严格，对我国水产品出口贸易的阻碍作用越明显，药物残留最大限量每严格
1%，我国的水产品出口就会减少 0.19%。学习借鉴发达国家先进的食品安全标准、技术
和体系，对我国水产品技术含量的提升和出口贸易的持续健康发展有着积极影响。我国
水产品领域的食品安全标准基本与发达国家接轨，但标准的制定不如发达国家详细，并
且存在着各类标准规定不一的情况，为此我国在标准的细化发展和统一规范方面有待加
强。与发达国家相比，我国水产品领域的食品安全法规尚未形成完整配套的法律体系，
法制建设有待加强；我国 2013 年机构改革后，水产品监督管理体系不断完善，监管效
力明显增强。通过对贸易潜力的预测发现，在食品安全标准影响下，我国与日本、美国、
韩国的水产品出口贸易存有较大的发展空间，但受市场集中度较高的影响，我国对上述
地区的水产品贸易应该向着高技术含量、高附加值的产品转型。我国与欧盟的水产品出
口贸易也存有一定的发展空间，对于欧盟各个国家的情况不能一概而论，其中对葡萄牙、
西班牙、比利时的贸易较为充分，希腊、法国、芬兰、意大利等市场的贸易潜力较大，
我国水产品出口贸易在今后的发展中应该根据欧盟国家的具体情况有所侧重

针对上述情况，本文从企业层面、欧亿·体育（中国）有限公司协会和政府层面提出了合理化建议，规避食
品安全标准的不利影响、发挥食品安全标准的推动作用，为我国水产品出口贸易稳定发
展创造良好的条件

关键词：水产品出口；食品安全标准；国家对比；双重影响；引力模型
Abstract
With the development of economic globalization and trade liberalization, international
aquatic trading becomes more frequent, and appears various food safety problems. In order to
protect consumers’health and their market, developed countries are carrying out strict aquatic
safety standards, which is affecting China’s aquatic products export. Aquatic products export
is an important part of China's foreign trade. The total value of aquatic products export is
ranking the first place among agricultural commodities exports. Trade surplus also ranks the
first place among all agricultural products. In 2013, China's aquatic products export value
break through $ 20 billion for the first time, ranking first in the world for 12 years. The steady
growth of aquatic products export is very important to China's international trade. China’s
main aquatic product export markets is Japan, the United States, European Union, South
Korea, and China has a high export concentration to those counties. In 2013,the market share
of those four countries is 53.3%. If the mentioned countries or regional formulate or adjust
their food safety standards, it will result in aquatic products export loss. To research those
nations’aquatic -related food safety standards, could help Chinese enterprises to improve their
product quality, to conform food safety standards in developed countries, and to reduce the
adverse impact on China's aquatic product exports. By learning the experiences of developed
countries, would help our country improve aquatic relevant food safety standards, establish a
fully legal system, and promote the sustainable development of aquatic products export.
This essay based on a large amount of literature reading and data integration, combined
with qualitative analysis and quantitative research, and had a result though theoretical analysis,
situation analysis, comparative analysis and empirical analysis. The Impact of food safety
standards on China's aquatic products export is twofold. In short term, it will hinder the export,
while in the long term, it will conducive to the sustained and healthy export development.
When importing country revise or adjust food safety standards, China's aquatic products
export to that country be slowed down significantly. After a period, when China reached the
standards, the export will gradually recover. Gravity model comes the result that the more
stringent food safety standards, the heavier impact on aquatic products export. If the MRL
strict 1%, China's aquatic products export will reduce 0.19%. To learn and study the advanced
food safety standards, technologies and systems from developed countries, has positive
impact on China's export trade promotion and technical content promotion. China's aquatic
food safety standards are convergence with the developed countries’, while the standards are
not as detailed as developed countries’and standards are not uniform. So our country needs to
make effort on strengthen and specification of food safety standards. Compared with
developed countries, in the field of aquatic products, China's food safety legislation has not
yet formed a complete legal system, which needs to be strengthened. After China’s
institutional reform in 2013, aquatic supervision and management system has been
continuously improved, and the effectiveness of regulatory has been significantly enhanced.
In the forecast of trade potential, we found that under the impact of food safety standards,
China’s aquatic products export between Japan, the U.S. and South Korea has a large tradespace.
But with the high degree of market concentration, the export should develop toward
high-tech and high value-added products. The Aquatic products export between China and the
EU also has some room for development, we need a specific analysis for each EU country.
China’s trade to Portugal, Spain and Belgium is fully, while the exprot to Greece, France,
Finland and Italy has a great trade potential. In the future export trade toward EU, we should
focus on different field for different countries.
From the analyze above, this essay gives some reasonable proposals on the sight of
enterprise, industry associations and government. To avoid the adverse effects of food safety
standards, and to play a promoting role of food safety standards, could help create good
conditions for the stable development of China's aquatic products export.
Keywords: Aquatic products export; Food safety standards; Country comparison;
Double impact; Gravity model