硬信息是指关于企业财务状况等易于向第三者传播和分析的信息，而软信息
是指关于企业主管理能力、诚信度、品格、企业经营景气度、竞争力等不易于代
码化和向第三方传播的信息。软信息又称作非财务信息。

由于中小企业资产规模较小，财务制度不健全，难以提供理想的财务信息，
因此在银行传统信贷决策模式下，中小企业必然面临融资困难的问题。非财务信
息具有稳定性，从某种意义上，是比财务信息更重要的信息。为了缓解中小企业
融资难的问题，同时也为了开拓中小企业贷款业务，银行必须重视中小企业的非
财务信息。

本文的创新在于：提出一个基于财务信息与非财务信息结合的银行信贷决策
的概念模型，并指出非财务信息的内容和获取途径。非财务信息主要包括企业主
的年龄、学历、品格、企业的经营状况、员工的精神状态等多个方面。非财务信
息主要通过实地调查与企业主的深度交流方式获得。

案例研究和实证研究发现：非财务信息在银行信贷决策中具有重要作用，它
与财务信息一起构成了银行的信贷决定基础。实证研究发现贷款申请人的年龄、
性别、婚姻状况、贷款用途、抵押物价值对贷款金额具有显著影响。

本文的应用价值在于：对非财务信息在银行信贷决策中的作用及实施方法进
行了研究。本文的政策含义在于：为了缓解中小企业融资难的问题，政府应鼓励
银行收集企业的非财务信息，从而缓解由于信息不对称所导致的信贷配给问题。

关键词：非财务信息；中小企业；信贷决策

II
ABSTRACT
Under the background that SMEs still remains financially constrained this thesis
studies how the commercial bank should do to reduce the information asymmetry to
ease SMEs’ financing difficulties.
Hard information is referred to those information that can be easily spread to third
parties such as financial statement while soft information refers to firm owners’
management ability, integrity, character, business prosperity, competitiveness and so
non which is not easy to be codified and to be conveyed to the third parties and which is
also called non-financial information.
Because of their small size, unsound accounting systems, unattractive financial
statement information SMEs usually confront financial constraint in the traditional
regime of bank loan decision. Non-financial information is stable, in a sense, which is
more important than the financial information. In order to alleviate the financing
difficulty of small and medium-sized enterprises, but also to exploit the small and
medium-sized enterprise loan business opportunities, the bank must attach more
importance to non-financial information of SMEs.
The contribution of this thesis lies in that I develop a conceptual model of bank
credit decision combing financial information and non-financial information;
furthermore I identify the content of non-financial information content and how we can
get it. In my perspective, non-financial information mainly includes the firm owners’
age, education background, character, the management state of the enterprise,
employees' mental state, etc.. Non-financial information is obtained by field survey and
deep talk with the management.
I employ case study and empirical study research methods. I find that non-financial
information do play an important role in the bank credit decision. Non-financial and
financial information together determine the bank credit decision. Empirical study
shows that a loan applicant’s age, gender, marital status, the use of the loans, collateral
value has significant influence on the amount of loans.
The practical value of this thesis lies in that I study on the role non-financialIII
information can play in the bank credit decision-making. The policy implication of this
thesis is that in order to alleviate the financing difficulty of small and medium-sized
enterprises, the government should encourage banks to collect enterprise non-financial
information to ease the credit rationing problem caused by information asymmetry.
Key Words: non-financial information; SMEs; the credit decision-making