自全球经济危机爆发以来，世界经济陷入低潮。美国、日本和欧洲，作为经济 体量最大的地区，由于他们的需求量的降低，使得全球其他国家包括中国在内， 出口额度随之大量减少。与此同时，更严峻的问题是制造成本的上升。原材料、 能源、土地、劳动力成本的增加，使得我国制造业丧失了一直以来的产品价格优 势。低成本是中国制造企业的竞争优势之一，正是凭借着价格低的土地、资源和 劳动力，才吸引了其他国家来中国投资建厂，中国目前正在丧失这一竞争优势。 我国的制造业必须尽快寻求新的出路，从以往的单一依靠低价资源和劳动力的竞 争模式转向通过优化供应链来提升效率、控制成本、增加收益为核心，实现低成 本、高质量，快速响应客户不断变化的需求。 本论文以 S 公司为例，通过对 S 公司供应链问题的深入研究，结合 MBA 课程中 所学的理论知识，对 S 公司当前遇到的供应链当中采购和生产流程中的问题进行 分析，通过运用高级计划与排程理论，将理论知识与实际问题结合，设计了一套 问题解决方案。对所用理论有了更深层次的理解和掌握，同时能够帮助公司在以 后的经营和供应链持续改善方面提供了方向，让公司在市场中更加具有竞争力。S 公司作为制造企业，拥有制造欧亿·体育（中国）有限公司普遍存在的供应链问题。通过对 S 公司供应链 的优化研究，可以为其他相似企业提供借鉴，同时也能为我国制造欧亿·体育（中国）有限公司的供应链 优化模式提供一些参考。 关键词：高级计划与排程；瓶颈；供应链优化III Abstract Since the outbreak of the global economic crisis, the world economy has been in a slump. As demand from the United States, Japan and Europe has fallen, exports from the rest of the world, including China, have plunged. At the same time, the more serious problem is the rising manufacturing costs. With the increase of raw material, energy, land and labor costs, China's manufacturing industry has lost its price advantage. Low-cost manufacturing is one of the competitive advantages of Chinese manufacturers, and China is losing that advantage by virtue of cheap land, resources and labor that have attracted other countries to invest in factories in China. China's manufacturing industry must find a new way as soon as possible, from the previous competition mode relying solely on low-cost resources and labor to the core of improving efficiency, controlling cost and increasing revenue through optimizing the supply chain, to achieve low cost, high quality and fast response to customers' needs. This paper takes S company as an example, through in-depth study of the supply chain problems of S company, combined with the theoretical knowledge learned in the MBA course, analyzes the current problems in the procurement and production process of the supply chain of S company, and designs a set of problem solutions by combining theoretical knowledge with practical problems by using Advanced Planning and Scheduling theory. To have a deeper understanding and grasp the theory, it can Help the company to make continuous improvement in operation, and be more competitive in the market. As a manufacturing enterprise, S company has common supply chain problems in the manufacturing industry. Through the study on company S supply chain optimization, it can provide reference for other similar enterprises, and also provide some reference for the supply chain optimization mode of China's manufacturing industry. Keywords:APS; Bottleneck; Optimization of Supply Chain目录 致谢................................................................................................................................I 摘要..............................................................................................................................II Abstract....................................................................................................................III 第 1 章 绪论..............................................................................................................1 1.1 选题背景与研究意义..................................................................................1 1.1.1 选题背景............................................................................................1 1.1.2 研究目的及意义................................................................................2 1.2 研究内容与论文框架.....................................................................................3 1.2.1 研究内容..............................................................................................3 1.2.2 论文框架..............................................................................................4 1.3 国内外研究现状.............................................................................................4 1.4 研究方法与研究思路.....................................................................................6 第 2 章 相关理论基础..............................................................................................7 2.1 高级计划与排程（APS）理论基本概念.......................................................7 2.2 APS 中相关管理方法及理论..........................................................................7 2.2.1 APS 中物料管理的基本概念...............................................................7 2.2.2 APS 中生产计划管理的基本概念.......................................................9 2.2.3 APS 中约束理论 (TOC) 的基本概念...............................................10 2.3 APS 在供应链优化中的适用性分析............................................................12 第 3 章 S 公司外部环境分析.....................................................................................14 3.1 S 公司简介与欧亿·体育（中国）有限公司概况................................................................................14 3.1.1 S 公司简介.........................................................................................14 3.1.2 欧亿·体育（中国）有限公司概况............................................................................................14 3.1.3 欧亿·体育（中国）有限公司现状............................................................................................16 3.2 欧亿·体育（中国）有限公司竞争环境分析——五力分析...............................................................18 3.2.1 现有企业的竞争................................................................................183.2.2 新进入者的威胁................................................................................18 3.2.3 供应商议价的能力............................................................................19 3.2.4 客户议价的能力................................................................................19 3.2.5 替代品的威胁....................................................................................19 第 4 章 S 公司供应链现状与存在问题分析.............................................................21 4.1 S 公司供应链流程现状................................................................................21 4.2 S 公司供应链中存在问题分析....................................................................22 4.2.1 采购管理中采购订单无法准时交货 (供应商端)...........................22 4.2.2 生产管理中生产效率低 (制造商端)..............................................25 4.2.3 客户需求无法快速响应(客户端)....................................................27 第 5 章 基于 APS 的 S 公司供应链优化方案设计....................................................30 5.1 S 公司供应链优化目标与可行性分析........................................................30 5.1.1 S 公司供应链优化目标.....................................................................30 5.1.2 S 公司供应链优化可行性分析.........................................................32 5.2 基于 APS 的 S 公司供应链优化方案...........................................................33 5.2.1 基于 APS 物料管理的采购管理优化方案........................................33 5.2.2 基于 APS 生产计划管理的生产管理优化方案................................36 5.2.3 基于 APS 约束理论的客户需求管理优化方案................................40 第 6 章 S 公司供应链优化的实施.............................................................................46 6.1 S 公司供应链优化实施方案........................................................................46 6.1.1 优化方案的实施计划.....................................................................