改革开放特别是十八大以来，小微企业发展较为迅速，其在国民经济和社会 发展的作用越来越大，其作出的贡献越来越突出，但是，小微企业的自身因素和 我国的信贷环境等因素影响，造成了小微企业信贷融资难成为了一直难以解决的 问题，得到了广泛的关注。本研究以L银行郑州分行为例，在分析研究背景及意 义的基础上，通过文献分析法、调查问卷法、案例分析法、定量和定性相结合方 法应用，对小微企业及小微企业信贷定义、特征以及流程进行分析，并阐述了信 息不对称理论、微型金融理论、关系贷款理论、金融抑制与深化理论，并对国内 外研究现状进行了综述，在此基础上，分析了L银行郑州分行小微企业信贷管理 的现状，包括小微企业信贷业务管理模式、信贷产品现状、主要经营指标等，通 过数据深入分析得出L银行郑州分行小微企业信贷管理存在信贷规模相对偏小 且增长缓慢、利润持续为负难以盈利、产品办理效率较低、信贷资产质量较差等 主要问题，进而通过调查问卷及数据分析剖析了存在问题的主要原因，一是人员 管理方面，包括了缺乏完善人员培训机制、考核机制不完善、绩效待遇有待提高、 人员缺乏晋升空间；二是产品管理方面，包括了信贷产品线上平台利用不足、信 贷产品创新能力不足；三是过程管理方面，包括贷前调查执行不深入、贷中审查 和监管存在漏洞、缺少贷后管理跟踪；四是系统建设方面，包括了信息系统平台 建设落后，信息获取渠道狭窄；五是外部环境方面，包括了经济及金融环境因素、 疫情因素。进一步的提出了优化对策，一是建立完善人才培养机制，包括了建立 完善的专业人员培养机制、充分发挥绩效管理系统激励作用、提升信贷人员薪酬 待遇、打开信贷人员晋升通道；二是丰富和创新产品建设，包括了丰富现有信贷 产品线、加强线上贷款产品创新与投放、建立灵活定价机制；三是加强风险管控 能力提升资产质量，包括了加强贷前信贷管理、健全贷中审核审批机制、加强贷 后风险管理；四是加强信息管理系统建设，包括构建完善信息管理系统、搭建多 元化合作平台；五是强化疫情下信贷管理力度，包括加强对已有客户管理、严控 新客户信贷准入。通过上述分析，丰富了商业银行视角的小微企业信贷管理的理 论分析，具有一定的理论意义，同时，对L银行郑州分行的小微企业信贷管理提 供了优化策略，也为同欧亿·体育（中国）有限公司银行提供了参考和借鉴，具有一定的现实意义。 关键词：小微企业；商业银行；信贷管理 河南财经政法大学硕士学位论文 II Abstract Since the reform and opening up, especially since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, small and micro enterprises have developed rapidly. Their role in national economic and social development has become greater and greater, and their contributions have become more and more prominent. However, their own factors and my country’s The credit environment and other factors have caused the difficulty in financing small and micro enterprises to become a problem that has always been difficult to solve, which has attracted widespread attention. Based on the analysis of the research background and significance, this study uses the example of the Zhengzhou branch of L Bank, through the application of the literature analysis method, the questionnaire method, the case analysis method, and the combination of quantitative and qualitative methods to provide credit to small and micro enterprises and small and micro enterprises. The definition, characteristics and process are analyzed, and information asymmetry theory, microfinance theory, relational loan theory, financial repression and deepening theory are explained, and the current research status at home and abroad is reviewed. On this basis, an in-depth analysis of L Bank The current status of credit management of the Zhengzhou branch includes the current status of small and micro enterprise loan products, the management model of small and micro enterprise credit business, the types of credit business, the flow of credit personnel, the credit supply industry, credit quality, and the impact of the epidemic on credit. And through the questionnaire analysis, it is concluded that the credit scale of Bank L’s credit branch is relatively small and the growth is slow, the profit continues to be negative and it is difficult to make a profit, the products are too dependent on offline products, the processing efficiency is low, and the quality of credit assets is poor. The reasons for the problems are firstly personnel management, including lack of perfect personnel training mechanism, imperfect assessment mechanism, performance benefits to be improved, and lack of room for promotion of personnel; secondly product management, including insufficient utilization of credit product online platforms, Insufficient credit product innovation capabilities; third, process management, including in-depth 河南财经政法大学硕士学位论文 III implementation of pre-loan investigations, loopholes in loan review and supervision, and lack of post-loan management tracking; fourth, system construction, including backward information system platform construction and information acquisition Channels are narrow; fifth is the external environment, including economic and financial environmental factors, and epidemic factors. Further optimization countermeasures are put forward. One is to establish a sound talent training mechanism, including the establishment of a sound professional training mechanism, to give full play to the incentive role of the performance management system, to improve the remuneration of credit personnel, and to open up the promotion channel for credit personnel; the second is to enrich and innovate Product construction includes enriching the existing credit product line, strengthening the innovation and launch of online loan products, and establishing a flexible pricing mechanism; the third is to strengthen risk management and control capabilities to improve asset quality, including strengthening pre-loan credit management, and improving loan review and approval mechanisms 1. Strengthen post-loan risk management; fourth is to strengthen the construction of information management systems, including building a complete information management system and building a diversified cooperation platform; fifth, to strengthen credit management under the epidemic, including strengthening the management of existing customers and strictly controlling the credit of new customers Access. Through the above analysis, the theoretical analysis of credit management of small and micro enterprises from the perspective of commercial banks has been enriched, and it has certain theoretical significance. At the same time, it provides optimization strategies for the credit management of small and micro enterprises of L Bank Zhengzhou Branch, and also provides banks in the same industry,reference and reference have certain practical significance. Keywords: Small and micro enterprises; Commercial banks; Credit management 河南财经政法大学硕士学位论文 IV 目 录 摘要.............................................................. I ABSTRACT........................................................... II 目 录............................................................. IV 1. 绪论............................................................. 1 1.1研究背景和意义 ................................................ 1 1.1.1研究背景 .................................................. 1 1.1.2研究意义 .................................................. 4 1.2研究内容与研究思路 ............................................ 5 1.2.1研究思路 .................................................. 5 1.2.2研究内容 .................................................. 6 1.3研究方法 ...................................................... 7 1.4创新点 ........................................................ 8 2. 研究综述及相关理论............................................... 9 2. 1小微企业的概念及特征 ......................................... 9 2. 2小微企业信贷的概念及特征 .................................... 10 2. 3小微企业信贷管理的概念及研究情况 ............................ 11 2. 4其他相关理论综述 ............................................ 16 2.4.1微型金融理论 ............................................. 16 2.4.2信贷配给理论 ............................................. 16 2.4.3信息不对称理论 ........................................... 17 3. L银行郑州分行小微企业信贷管理现状及主要问题 .................... 18 3.1 L