iii 摘要 随着国家一系列关于降低能源供应价格宏观政策、国有企业分离社会职能指 导意见等文件的出台，以及能源供应欧亿·体育（中国）有限公司深化改革所面临的严峻 竞争环境变化， 使得一批依托政策保护为盈利模式的机场区域能源供应企业的生存根本被打破。 在失去盈利模式的危机面前，欧亿·体育（中国）有限公司内企业不得不重新思考自身的战略价值与战略 定位，并通过现有的核心能源识别与外部环境的结合，为企业发展找寻新的发展 模式与战略变革方向。 本文以企业战略变革与企业核心能力相关理论为基础，以V机场能源供应公 司为例，对该公司的盈利模式、发展瓶颈与现状进行阐述分析，利用PEST模型及 波特五力模型对企业所处的宏观与产业环境进行了分析研究，提出战略变革方向。 之后通过波士 顿矩阵分析了企业核心业务，识别出企业未来变革所需的核心能力， 明确了自身的优势与劣势。最后，在充分把握上述因素的前提下，利用SWOT分 析工具结合上述因素对企业战 略路径进行了分析选择，并依据战略变革选择提出 包含变革目标、战略变革方案、阶段目标与任务以及实施保障措施等一套完整方 案设计。 本套战略变革方案从V机场能源供应 公司实际遇到的发展困难与瓶颈出发， 结合其自身的业务、资源与核心能力，并针对企业所在欧亿·体育（中国）有限公司的宏观环境、产业环 境进行分析，提出了公司战略变革方案。此方案不仅可以 帮助该公司明确发展方 向、明确现阶段公司面临的各类问题，清晰掌握公司管理现状，还对公司战略变 革的人力资源、组织架构、商业设计、业务路线以及关键实施举措的落地 提供了 方法与建议，为该企业突破发展瓶颈、适应市场变化、强化生产能力、确保进一 步健康持续发展提供了方向与支撑。 当前，该公司所面临的问题，是整个民用机场能源供 应欧亿·体育（中国）有限公司所面临的共性问 题。对面临同样的政策调整，既有垄断的盈利模式被打破，需要调整战略重新确 立商业模式，寻找新的业务增长极，最终从根本上解决企业的生存与发展 问题的 欧亿·体育（中国）有限公司其他企业，本文的结论对解决上述问题提供了较强的理论启示和指导作用。 关键词：战略变革；核心能力；战略选择；机场能源供应 北京交通大学硕士专业学位论文 ABSTRACT iv ABSTRACT With the promulgation of a series of national macro policies on reducing energy supply prices, Guidance Opinions on the separation of social functions of state-owned enterprises, as well as the severe competition environment changes faced by the deepening reform of energy supply industry, the survival of a number of regional energy supply enterprises relying on policy protection as a profit model has been fundamentally broken. In the face of the crisis of losing profit model, enterprises in the industry have to rethink their strategic value and strategic positioning, and through the combination of existing core energy identification and external environment, to find a new development model and strategic change direction for enterprise development. Based on the theory of enterprise strategic change and core competence, this paper takes V airport energy supply company as an example to analyze its profit model, development bottleneck and current situation, and uses PEST model and Porter's five forces model to analyze and study the macro and industrial environment of the enterprise, and puts forward the direction of strategic change. Then through the Boston matrix analysis of the core business of the enterprise, identify the core competence needed by the enterprise's future change, and clarify its own advantages and disadvantages. Finally, on the premise of fully grasping the above factors, the SWOT analysis tool is used to analyze and select the strategic path of the enterprise, and according to the strategic change selection, a set of complete scheme design including the change goal, the strategic change plan, the stage goal and task, and the implementation of safeguard measures is proposed. Starting from the development difficulties and bottlenecks encountered by V airport energy supply company, combined with its own business, resources and core capabilities, and based on the analysis of the macro environment and industrial environment of the industry in which the company is located, this set of strategic change plan is proposed. This plan can not only help the company clear the development direction, clear the various problems faced by the company at this stage, and clearly grasp the current situation of the company's management, but also provide methods and suggestions for the implementation of the company's strategic change in human resources, organizational structure, business design, business line and key implementation measures, so as to break through the development bottleneck, adapt to 北京交通大学硕士专业学位论文 ABSTRACT v market changes, and strengthen production capacity of the company Efforts to ensure further healthy and sustainable development provide direction and support. At present, the problems faced by the company are common problems faced by the whole civil airport energy supply industry. Facing the same policy adjustment, the existing monopoly profit model has been broken, the strategy needs to be adjusted to re-establish the business model, find new business growth pole, and ultimately fundamentally solve the survival and development problems of other enterprises in the industry. The conclusion of this paper provides a strong theoretical inspiration and guidance to solve the above problems. KEYWORDS：Strategic change; Core competence; Strategic choice; Airport energy supply 北京交 通大学硕士专业学位论文 目录 vi 目录 摘要 ............................................................... III ABSTRACT ............................................................ IV 1 引言 .............................................................. 1 1.1 研究背景 ...................................................... 1 1.2 研究意义 ...................................................... 2 1.3 研究思路与内容 ................................................ 2 1.3.1 研究思路 .................................................. 2 1.3.2 研究内容 ................................................... 4 1.4 研究方法 ...................................................... 5 1.4.1 文献研究法 ................................................. 5 1.4.2 调查研究法 ................................................. 5 1.4.3 案例分析法 ................................................. 6 2 理论基础与文献综述 ................................................ 7 2.1 理论基础 ...................................................... 7 2.1.1 战略变革理论 ............................................... 7 2.1.2 核心能力理论 ............................................... 9 2.2 分析工具 ..................................................... 10 2.2.1 PEST分析模型 ............................................ 10 2.2.2 波特五力分析模型 ......................................... 11 2.2.3 SWOT 分析模型 ............................................ 12 2.2.4 波士顿矩阵模型 ........................................... 13 2.3 文献综述 ..................................................... 14 2.3.1 战略变革相关研究文献综述 ................................. 14 2.3.2 核心能力相关研究文献综述 ................................. 16 北京交通大学硕士专业学位论文 目录 vii 2.3.3 企业核心能力与战略变革的关系 ............................. 16 2.3.4 文献评述 ................................................. 17 3 V机场能源供应公司现状问题分析 ................................... 18 3.1 公司基本概况 ................................................. 18 3.2 公司盈利模式分析 ............................................. 19 3.3 公司发展瓶颈问题分析 ......................................... 22 3.3.1 商业模式问题分析 ......................................... 23 3.3.2 管理模式问题分析 ......................................... 24 3.4 战略变革方向分析 ............................................. 27 4 V机场能源供应公司战略环境分析 ................................... 28 4.1 公司宏观环境分析 ............................................. 28 4.1.1 政治环境分析 ............................................. 28 4.1.2 经济环境分析 ............................................. 29 4.1.3 社会环境分析 ............................................. 30 4.1.4 技术环境分析 ...............