研究区长期以来对草地重利用、轻管护，超载过牧，导致草地量下降，鼠虫害日 益猖獗，草地水蚀，风蚀现象日益加剧，干旱退化严重，草地质量变劣，毒草、杂草、 害草逐渐成为优势种群，牧草枯萎退化，洪水频发，水土流失严重。本研究拟通过实 施碌曲县草场节水灌溉工程项目改善研究区草场基础条件，促高草场生态修复，提高 草场的生态承载量。 以甘南藏族自治州碌曲县玛艾镇红科村为研究对象，依据地形将其分三个片区， 采用地区经验公式法、推理公式法互相验证，结合实测草场数据确定灌溉区域。实施 节水灌溉示范工程总控灌面积 3875 亩，全部为半固定管道自流喷灌，同时实施修建取 水坝、调蓄水池、埋设引水管道、配套田间灌溉管网及相应配套的闸阀井、排水井、 给水栓等。 按照有关设计规范，在各工程区段选用最合理、最经济的设计结构。通过实施取 水坝、调蓄水池、引水管道等工程对当地环境进行改善和治理。 项目建成后，将改善项目区草地退化和沙化现象，有效地促进草地生态功能的恢 复和改善；起到合理利用水土资源，调整草地利用结构，改善牧业生产条件，提高草 地综合生态服务功能，促使区内生物种群多样化。项目实施后，可使研究区草场亩产 增加 400kg，总计可增加产草量 155 万 kg，以每公斤 0.30 元计算，可增加收入 46.5 万 元，每年可增加收入 6.87 万元，研究区每年总的经济效益为 53.37 万元。 关键词：草场灌溉，喷灌工程，可行性研究甘肃农业大学硕士学位报告 碌曲县草场节水灌溉工程项目可行性研究报告 II Abstract The study area has long relied on grassland for heavy utilization, light management and conservation, and over-grazing, resulting in a decline in the amount of grassland, an increase in the number of rodents and insect pests, erosion in the grasslands, and an increase in wind erosion, serious drought degradation, degraded grassland quality, poisonous weeds, weeds, and damage. Gradually grasses become dominant populations, with grasses degenerating, floods frequently occurring, and serious soil erosion. This study intends to improve the grassland basic conditions in the study area by implementing the Luqu County grassland water-saving irrigation project, promote high grassland ecological restoration, and increase the ecological carrying capacity of the grassland. The study was conducted in Hongke Village, Maai Town, Luqu County, Gannan Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture. The selected research sites were divided into three regions according to the topography. The water-saving irrigation demonstration project had a total controlled irrigation area of 3,875 mu, all of which were half. Fixed-pipe free-flow sprinkler irrigation, at the same time the implementation of the construction of the acquisition of dams, reservoirs, buried water pipes, supporting the inter-irrigation pipe network and the corresponding supporting valve and valve wells, drainage wells, water suppositories. Based on the actual conditions of the construction of water-saving irrigation projects in the study area, the basic conditions for the grasslands were clarified, and a point-driven, multi-site deployment of water conservancy in the pastoral areas was emphasized to form a systematic irrigation project. Regional empirical formula method and reasoning formula method were used to calculate and verify each other, and the irrigation area was determined based on actual measured grassland data. The most reasonable and most economical design structure is selected for each construction section. Through the implementation of dams, storage tanks, and water diversions, the local environment will be improved and treated. After the implementation of the research project, the grass production per mu in the research area can be increased by 400kg, and 3875 mu can increase the amount of grass production by 1.55 million kg. Calculated at 0.30 yuan per kg, the income can be increased by 46.50 Ten thousand yuan, and the annual income can be increased by 6.87 Ten thousand yuan. The total annual economic benefit is 53.37 Ten thousand yuan.甘肃农业大学硕士学位报告 碌曲县草场节水灌溉工程项目可行性研究报告 III The construction of the Luqu County forage grassland water-saving irrigation project will improve the grassland degradation and desertification in the project area, effectively promote the restoration and improvement of the grassland ecological function, play a rational use of water and soil resources, adjust the grassland utilization structure, and improve the production conditions of the livestock industry. Improving the integrated ecological service function of grassland will promote the diversification of the biological population in the area. Keywords: Grassland irrigation；Sprinkler irrigation project；Feasibility study甘肃农业大学硕士学位报告 碌曲县草场节水灌溉工程项目可行性研究报告 IV 目 录 摘要....................................................................................................................................I Summury...........................................................................................................................Ⅱ 第一章 绪论..................................................................................................................... 1 1.1 研究背景 .............................................................................................................. 1 1.2 项目建设的必要性和可能性 ................................................................................ 1 1.3 项目区工程建设任务及建设规模......................................................................... 2 1.4 项目建设内容....................................................................................................... 2 1.5 施工组织设计及工期安排 .................................................................................... 3 1.6 建设征地与移民安置............................................................................................ 3 1.7 环境保护设计....................................................................................................... 3 1.8 水土保持设计....................................................................................................... 3 1.9 工程管理 .............................................................................................................. 3 1.10 效益分析............................................................................................................. 5 第二章 项目区概况.......................................................................................................... 6 2.1 项目所在县基本情况............................................................................................ 6 2.2 项目区基本情况 ..................................................................................................17 第三章 项目建设的必要性和可行性 .............................................................................21 3.1 项目区目前存在的问题 .......................................................................................21 3.2 项目建设的必要性 ..............................................................................................22 3.3 项目建设的可行性 ..............................................................................................24 第四章 工程建设内容及技术设计方案...........................................................................25 4.1 牧区节水灌溉工程建设内容 ...............................................................................25 4.2 牧区节水灌溉工程技术方案 ...............................................................................25 第五章 工程布置及建筑物..............................................................................................33 5.1 设计依据 .............................................................................................................33 5.2 工程等别和标准 ..................................................................................................33 5.3 设计基本欧亿·体育（中国）有限公司......................................................................................................34甘肃农业大学硕士学位报告 碌曲县草场节水灌溉工程项目可行性研究报告 V 5.4 水源工程设计......................................................................................................37 5.5 配水工程设计............