World Development Report 2019THE CHANGING NATURE OFWORKWorking DraftJune 1, 2018Table of ContentsOverview ..... 1What is Changing in the World of Work2What Can Governments Do....... 6This Study’s Running Order ..... 10Chapter 1: The Changing Nature of Work12Technology Generates Jobs ....... 14How the Demand for Skills is Changing ........... 17A Simple Model of Changing Work ..... 22Chapter 2: Building Human Capital ......... 27Why Governments Need to Invest ........ 30Why Governments Often Fail ... 31Better Measurement Helps – The Human Capital Project ........ 37Chapter 3: Lifelong Learning........ 40Learning in Early Childhood ..... 43Tertiary Education ......... 47Adult Learning Outside Jobs ..... 53Chapter 4: Returns to Work .......... 58Informality ......... 61Working Women ........... 64Working in Agriculture . 68Chapter 5: Strengthening Social Protection and Labor Policies ... 74Social Assistance ........... 76Social Insurance84Labor policies .... 88Chapter 6: The Changing Nature of Firms ........... 95The New Superstar Firms .......... 96Competitive Markets ... 102Tax Avoidance107Chapter 7: Ideas for a New Social Contract........ 115A New “New Deal” ... 117Possible Elements of a New Social Contract .. 121Financing the New Social Contract ..... 126Consultations and Timetable....... 132Bibliography ....... 145。。。。。。