I
摘 要
农业银行 CC 分行农户贷款业务操作风险研究
包括农业、农村、农民在内的“三农”问题始终是党和国家高度关注的问
题，多年来以“中央一号”文件来部署，事关党和国家发展全局，事关社会主
义新农村建设，对落实党的十八大确定的到 2020 年全面建成小康社会具有重要
意义。服务三农需要多方面、多角度、多层次的努力，重要的是需要金融业强
有力的支持。多年来，作为国家赋予服务三农重要职责的大型商业银行，农业
银行 CC 分行认真贯彻落实中央关于三农的方针、政策，坚持城乡联动，充分发
挥农业银行在服务县域的传统优势和作用，以履行党和国家赋予的服务三农职
责为己任，积极探索有效服务三农的组织体系、运作机制、操作规程和具体措
施，加大对三农和县域经济的支持力度，在发展现代农业、繁荣农村经济、促
进城乡统筹发展中发挥积极作用。但是，随着农户贷款的迅速发展，规模不断
扩大，覆盖面越来越广，CC 分行的农户贷款出现了诸多问题，特别是风险问题
初见端倪，不良贷款急剧上升。如果农户贷款风险控制不力，得不到有效的管
理和控制，势必会严重制约 CC 分行便农、扶农、富农的积极性，势必会限制农
户贷款的发展，势必影响农户贷款的可持续发展，直接影响到全省社会主义新
农村建设。

本文首先对 CC 分行农户贷款业务操作风险的控制流程、控制主体、控制组
织体系和控制环境建设等方面存在的问题进行了阐述，从农户贷款业务风险控
制流程(制度体系、管理体制、经营机制、信贷操作)、控制主体(人员、观念、
素质、能力)、组织体系以及环境建设(政策环境、自然环境、市场环境、信用环
境)等方面对操作风险成因进行了深入的分析。通过分析，对 CC 分行农户贷款
业务操作风险方面存在的问题有了清醒的认识，为下一步的改进奠定了基础。

通过研究 CC 分行农户贷款业务操作风险存在的问题，本文大胆的进行了剖II
析，有针对性地提出了具体改进措施：建议从贷前调查、贷款发放、贷后检查、
操作风险预警机制建设、操作风险计量、风险管理组织架构等方面建立操作风
险控制流程，完善操作风险流程体系，按照流程细分的原则对贷款的发放全过
程进行控制；从建立动态客户经理管理机制、客户经理培训机制、风险管控机
制等方面阐述了风险管理主体控制，强化操作风险的主体意识，打造一支高素
质的客户经理队伍；从风险管控层级建设及职责、内控方法、信息共享、三道
防线建设、审计体制建设等方面阐述了加强风险管理组织体系建设，层层把好
农户贷款业务操作风险关；建议从健全内控机制、落实信贷分级审批责任、强
化制度落实、改善信用环境建设、建立并逐步完善农村金融组织体系、健全和
完善与农村金融组织体系相配套的社会保障机制等方面营造良好的社会环境和
风险控制机制，为农户贷款健康成长创造良好的氛围。这些措施切合实际，操
作性强，对防范农户贷款业务操作风险有很好的指导作用。

关键词：
农户贷款业务，操作风险，风险管理
III
Abstract
Reserch on the Operational Risk of Farmer Loan
in CC Branch,ABC
The issues related with agriculture，farmer and rural area，have respect to the
development of the CCP and Chinese government，meanwhile solving the three rural
issues is the most important work for them. Rural finance is the core of the modern
rural economy．For realizing the agricultural development，rural prosperity and
increasing farmers income，a lot will depend on the strong support of Rural
finance．Over the years，CC branch， the big commercial bank being responsible for
three rural service，implements the central authorities on rural policy，gives full play
to the traditional advantage of services in rural areas，and actively explores effective
service for agriculture organization system ， operation mechanism and specific
measures．However，with the rapid development of farmer loan，there are several
problems of CC branch’s farmer loan appeared，especially non-performing loans
increased sharply．Without effective farmer loan risk controlled，it will seriously
restrict the initiative for CC branch of supporting farmer．As a result it is bound to
restrict the development of farmer loan，and directly affects the construction of new
socialist countryside．
First，the problem of the operational risk of farmer loan in CC Branch is
described by control process，control subject，control organization system and control
environment construction．Second，the cause of the operational risk of farmer loan in
CC Branch is analyzed from control process (institution system,management
system,operationmechanism,credit operation),controlsubject ( people,ideas,qualities,a
bilities),organization systemand environment construction(policy environment,natural
environment，market environment，credit environment) and other aspects．Through
analysis，we have a clear understanding on the problem of the operational risk ofIV
farmer loan in CC Branch and lays the foundation for the improvement of the next
step．
Through the analysis of the operational risk of CC branch’s farmer loan, this
thesis has proposed the concrete improvement measures: First, CC branch should
establish and improve the operational risk process system, in accordance with
subdivision principle in the whole process of loans issued to control and the
application of suitable operational risk measurement method through the pro-loan
investigation,loan origination,post-loan management,operational risk warning
mechanism,the operational risk measurement, risk management of organizational
structure; Second, CC branch should strengthen operational risk subject
consciousness, create a high-quality customer manager team through the
establishment of mechanisms for dynamic client manager,client manager training
mechanism,risk management mechanisms; Third, CC branch should strengthen the
c o n s t r u c t i o n o f r i s k m a n a g e m e n t s y s t e m t h r o u g h t h e r i s k l e v e l
management construction and responsibilities,internal control methods,information
sharing, three defense construction,audit system construction and other
aspects ．Last, CC branch should create a good social environment for farmer loan
through improving the internal control mechanism，implementing the
credit classification approval responsibility，strengthening the implementation of
systems，improving the credit environment，building the rural financial organization
s y s t e m , p e r f e c t i n g t h e r u r a l f i n a n c i a l o r g a n i z a t i o n
system with matching security mechanisms and other aspects．These measures are
practical，maneuverability is strong， and has the very good instruction to prevent the
operational risk of farmer loan．
Key word:
Farmer Loan , Operational Risk , Risk Management