摘 要
烟台经济技术开发区（Yantai Economic & Technology Development Area，
以下简称 YEDA）是我国首批确定的 14 个国家级开发区之一。近年来，YEDA 把发
展产业集群作为战略方向，全力以赴招大引强，先后引进了通用汽车、韩国 LG、
台湾鸿海等全球 500 强企业进区投资，经过多年培育发展，以这些企业为核心，
初步形成了汽车、移动通信和消费电子三个产业集群，拉动全区经济步入快速发
展时期，投资环境综合评价在国家级开发区中的排位由第 13 位跃升到第 6 位。

2011 年，三个产业集群共完成产值 1925 亿元，占到全区规模以上工业总产值的
67.5%。同时也要看到，包括 YEDA 在内的我国多数开发区，产业集群大都是建立
在低成本的基础上，处于全球价值链的低端环节，发展过程中遇到了一些问题和
瓶颈，如发展模式不够科学清晰、自主创新能力低、协作分工不够紧密等，影响
了产业集群的可持续发展和区域竞争力的进一步提升。

本文从产业集群理论入手，论述了产业集群的竞争优势和动力机制，对开发
区和产业集群的互动关系进行了研究，在总结国家级开发区及其产业发展历程的
基础上，分析得出产业集群是开发区提升竞争力的重要途径，而开发区是产业集
群发展的重要载体。其次，对当今世界产业集群的主要发展模式，特别是国家级
开发区产业集群的主流发展模式进行了归纳研究和案例论述，以此总结对 YEDA
发展产业集群的经验启示。本文的重中之重是对 YEDA 产业集群发展现状和发展
模式的研究。在介绍 YEDA 基本情况、产业集群发展现状的基础上，对汽车、移
动通信和消费电子三个产业集群的形成轨迹、发展模式、未来走向以及面临的问
题进行了较为全面的研究。最后，针对 YEDA 的实际情况，提出今后发展产业集
群可选的较为科学的模式，并给出具有一定可行性的对策建议。

本文对 YEDA 产业集群发展的研究，旨在为管委决策提供参考依据，同时也
期冀对国内其它开发区发展及其产业集群的发展有所借鉴。

关键词：开发区；产业集群；发展模式
ABSTRACT
Yantai Economic & Technology Development Area (YEDA) is one of the
first determine 14 National Development zone in China. In recent years,
YEDA takes the development of industrial cluster as a strategic direction,
and goes all out to recruit great corporations, until now has introduced
many global top 500 enterprises such as the GM，LG and Foxconn,ect. After
years of development, to these enterprises as the core, initially forming
the automotive, mobile communication and consumer electronics these three
industrial cluster, and driving the regional economy enters into a rapid
development period. In this period, the qualifying of the National
Development Zones has jumped from 13 to 6. In 2011, three industrial
clusters has accomplished the output value of 192.5 billion yuan, occupy
whole area dimensions above 67.5% of the total industrial output value.
But at the same time, the majority of Development Zones in China including
YEDA, industrial clusters what established on the basis of low cost, have
encountered some problems and bottlenecks in the development process,
such as the low capability of independent innovation, at the low-end link
in the global value chain, and collaborative division of labor is not tight
enough, which affect the sustainable development of industrial clusters
and regional competitive power further promotion.
The thesis starting from the industrial cluster theory, analyzes the
competition advantages and the interaction of dynamic mechanisms in the
Development Zone and industrial cluster. On the basis of summarize the
development process of National Development Zones and its industry,
reveals that the industrial cluster is an important way to enhance the
competitiveness of the Development Zone, and the Development Zone is an
。。。